{"id":14515,"date":"2024-10-23T17:17:11","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T09:17:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/?p=14515"},"modified":"2024-12-26T13:59:08","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T05:59:08","slug":"ict-test-in-pcb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/blog\/ict-test-in-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"In-Circuit Testing (ICT) a nyomtatott \u00e1ramk\u00f6r\u00f6kben: a term\u00e9kmin\u0151s\u00e9g \u00e9s a megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g garant\u00e1l\u00e1sa"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"14515\" class=\"elementor elementor-14515\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2343895e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2343895e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5cf1a9\" data-id=\"3a5cf1a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a2cd74e elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"3a2cd74e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__3a2cd74e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__3a2cd74e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__3a2cd74e\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-728f1a42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"728f1a42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-An5EddkSfoBgFox3w4scXmNNnnf\">Early defect detection is the major purpose of ICT in PCB <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">manufacturing<\/a>. It is a very important tool in PCB manufacturing to identify defects on commercial products. Want to know more? Check <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">ELEPCB<\/a><\/strong>!<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a6c2496 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2a6c2496\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-54421efd\" data-id=\"54421efd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15ca674b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"15ca674b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>What is ICT in PCB?<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ec64c8c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ec64c8c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d1ca92a\" data-id=\"d1ca92a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b41f83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b41f83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><b>PCB-ICT<\/b> is a method used to confirm the integrity and functionality of each and every component on the PCBs <strong>after they have been placed<\/strong>. The idea is to identify and correct all the possible issues that might arise and affect the functionality of the PCB during its usage. The professional output expected of ICT specialists is that all sections of the circuit should be able to work efficiently.<\/div><div>They assist manufacturers in determining areas of concern like <strong>bad soldering, wrong positioning of components, and or faulty parts<\/strong>. Due to the identification of these problems before the product gets into the hands of its users, ICT assists in <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">minimizing costly mistakes<\/span> and<span style=\"color: #d83931;\"> achieving high standards of quality<\/span>.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6beb734 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6beb734\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9bbb573\" data-id=\"9bbb573\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2efa838 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2efa838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Components:<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa13a74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa13a74\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab81b2f\" data-id=\"ab81b2f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47553f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47553f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-FswWdcSaYoD53rxYBR6c8FlHnle\"><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-FswWdcSaYoD53rxYBR6c8FlHnle\">ICT comprises both the <strong>hardware and software<\/strong>, each of which must be tested on the PCB. To test the board, it employs a test fixture, test head, and control software that applies signals and makes measurements on the board in response to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/applications\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"596\">application<\/a> of signals. This process is useful to see if there are shorts problems, opens, and bad component values amongst other things.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ace62b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ace62b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3c5b49\" data-id=\"a3c5b49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f44d670 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f44d670\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>ICT Setup and Operation<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6994bc9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6994bc9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4563b9b\" data-id=\"4563b9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0c21fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0c21fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Aa0tdzBwNoKVodxYfVqcqIA8nif\"><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Aa0tdzBwNoKVodxYfVqcqIA8nif\">PCBs are connected to test fixtures with several <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">probes or pins<\/span> as part of ICT. By making contact with certain test sites on the board, these probes enable the measurement of a variety of electrical properties, including <strong>capacitance<\/strong><strong>, inductance, and resistance<\/strong>. The following lists some of the essential elements along with how they function:<\/div><div><table><colgroup><col width=\"225\" \/><col width=\"449\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #245bdb; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Elements<\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #245bdb; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Function<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">Test Head<\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">It is the component of the ICT system that produces and monitors the electrical signals. It is thought to be the heart of the testing environment.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">Interface Board<\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">This connects the test head to the PCB, so the signals are passed where they want to go.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">Control Software<\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">Responsible for the examination of the test sequences and outcomes. It\u2019s the software that performs the tests and analyzes the results.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/power-supply-pcb\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"593\">Power Supply<\/a><\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">Supplies the needed power to the test head and PCB to be tested.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">User Interface<\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">Enables operators to monitor the ICT system and check test results of the system.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">Built-in Self-Diagnostic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/capabilities\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"597\">Capabilities<\/a><\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">Check if the ICT system is responding well and providing the right information as required.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">Guarding and Switching Systems<\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">Simplify separate sections of the PCB during testing to prevent interferences from other sections of the circuit board.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">Data Collection and Reporting Tools<\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #1f2329; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #faf1d1; text-align: center;\">Monitor the tests and produce the reports concerning the board&#8217;s performance.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c79d54a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c79d54a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b7806b0\" data-id=\"b7806b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbb6b3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fbb6b3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Bed-of-Nails Fixture<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e2c2a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e2c2a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3f62a2\" data-id=\"a3f62a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-334e894 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"334e894\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KHlMdZ1VmoAX8vxEWytcXYIUnIe\"><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KHlMdZ1VmoAX8vxEWytcXYIUnIe\">A specially made instrument for PCB-ICT called a Bed-of-Nails Fixture employs <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">spring-loaded pins<\/span> to make contact with particular test spots so that the board can be electrically tested effectively.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-K65Qdwrh1ov49Wxp1NrcKCe4nCc\" data-list=\"bullet\">Purpose and Function<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M8TgdO02foCXXJxvYcXcKQeon9f\">It makes sure that the signals emitted from the <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">test head<\/span> will get to the PCB to be heroically measured.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WLWedxYe3o8JaBxxA5pcVaz7n8f\" data-list=\"bullet\">Design and Construction<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WXmid6S68o3iPyxtR2FcLyxWn8z\"><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WXmid6S68o3iPyxtR2FcLyxWn8z\"><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WXmid6S68o3iPyxtR2FcLyxWn8z\">It is a <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">small floppy metal<\/span> slab with numerous pins filled with springs that firmly push them onto the printed circuit board testing points. Such a design also makes the connection more accurate and consistent.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-YvCLdmD1Soa5PbxOfZUcukCandf\" data-list=\"bullet\">Operation and Use<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Sgyyd56FDoJrN1xhqIEcDicVnTf\">When the PCB is inserted into the mentioned fixture, the ICT system <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">switches on the test fixture<\/span> so that the pins of the fixture connect to the test points and tests the PCB all through.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e14bb5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e14bb5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b509b5\" data-id=\"7b509b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a46c696 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a46c696\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Testing Procedures and Techniques<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bac6adc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bac6adc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33b1820\" data-id=\"33b1820\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ce8d6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8ce8d6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"296\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ICT-1024x379.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4191\" alt=\"In-Circuit Testing (ICT) PCB Inspection\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ICT-1024x379.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ICT-300x111.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ICT-768x284.png 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ICT.png 1165w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0237479 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0237479\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f2a91b\" data-id=\"7f2a91b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-797faec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"797faec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RcRadtKE2oTQbvx9iowco5Vgnyh\"><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RcRadtKE2oTQbvx9iowco5Vgnyh\">PCB-ICT methods entail employing automated test systems to electrically test individual components on a PCB for<span style=\"color: #d83931;\"><strong> flaws, ensuring their operation, location, and connections<\/strong><\/span> without powering the whole board. Following are some of the procedures and techniques:<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-FkRodWiFGoPyrsxrxZactLRonfh\">&#8211; <strong>Shorts and Open Testing<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CiRCdtHsvodUTxx55eFcutYfnof\">This test appears to <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">verify the presence of electrical connections<\/span> on the PCB. It seeks blind shorts where connections should not mate, and a gap opens where connections should meet but do not. This helps to make sure that all the possible <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">electrical pathways<\/span> are properly fine-tuned.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-P6zvdHnlnobHLNxEdr0cb1hInJd\">&#8211; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/how-to-read-resistor-color-codes\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"594\">Resistors<\/a>, Capacitors, Inductors, and More<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EnOuduOHoo7EJvxuIOscc0kxned\">ICT also confirms whether a particular <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-components-sourcing\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">component<\/a> needs to be fixed in order for it to function properly. It also checks their values with a view to determining if they have met the set specifications.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TFXXdPf7CoDSvIxBbF7cq2ePnlb\">&#8211; <strong>Voltage Level Testing<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WzIDdOm0poapQjxYgQXcLU3gnmf\">This involves taking measurements of the voltage of some of the points in the PCB to check if they are at the expected values. Further, it assists in ensuring that the <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">power supply and voltage regulators<\/span> are well functioning.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-V4j8dpy6Do5Lv7xnLR0cc546n9c\">&#8211; <strong>Digital Signals Testing<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EdnpdJcZoofB4pxfilFc3v5onbr\">This test checks <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">the logic levels<\/span> on the PCB where <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">high or low<\/span> is supposed to be in order to confirm the correctness of the digital signals. It checks that digital components such as <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">microcontrollers <\/span>and <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">logic gates<\/span> are in the right working condition.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MHK6dTNjQoT2a9xii8pcm5qOnjd\">&#8211; <strong>Analog<\/strong><strong> Signals Testing <\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Xn40dEFMlovwFrxVf0QcUVEnnmh\">Some of the parts that <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">incorporate <\/span><span style=\"color: #d83931;\">analog<\/span><span style=\"color: #d83931;\"> signals<\/span>, for instance, the sensors and the amplifiers are checked to confirm that they manage the signals in the right manner without any level of inaccuracy.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BBxXdqsxaoIPZGxPihJc6eg5n3e\">&#8211; <strong>Clock Signals Testing<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Kmgddx0JYov7P6x3YchcwaERn0d\">For the circuits that depend on <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">timing<\/span>, this is the test to verify that the clock signals are of the right frequency and stability.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-R6dTdap4koZh7QxDIS4cJ62Ynhf\">&#8211; <strong>Boundary Scan Testing<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-U1crd7ePoocsr6xxcOZcS614nyd\">Various tests are applied namely, this test uses the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-design-for-testability\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">IEEE 1149.1<\/a><\/strong><strong> standard<\/strong> also referred to as JTAG to verify the proper placement and functioning of all the ICs that employ this technology.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PNXedtjkWoX5GmxhBimckMbfnuf\">&#8211; <strong>Programming and Configuration<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Z1T1de6hzoF4OMxoartcFkIDnBh\">In testing, some of the devices such as the microcontrollers and the Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) are set, or fixed in the right manner to confirm that they will operate as required within the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-assembly-process-and-services\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">PCB assembly<\/a>.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-INMEdRbBCooYQixAP1XcGNXunNe\">&#8211; <strong>Custom Test Procedures<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OyTldCVndoy2H4xG3pRcnPWknfy\">At times, the testing requirement is different, and specific testing procedures are set down to meet the needs of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-layout-design-process-and-guidelines\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">PCB design<\/a>.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c8fd6fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c8fd6fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-864fee6\" data-id=\"864fee6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0972dde elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0972dde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Advantages and Disadvantages of ICT<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3f95349 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3f95349\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-37a8ca0\" data-id=\"37a8ca0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19db513 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19db513\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NBladtQGmo3y2fx1PdPcOc0bndb\"><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NBladtQGmo3y2fx1PdPcOc0bndb\">PCB-ICT has benefits like <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">high <\/span><span style=\"color: #d83931;\">precision<\/span><span style=\"color: #d83931;\">, quick testing, thorough diagnostics, and early problem identification<\/span>, but it also has drawbacks like <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">expensive setup costs, insufficient coverage for complicated boards, and continuous maintenance needs<\/span>. A thorough synopsis of some of them is given below:<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-57a035f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"57a035f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9af617a\" data-id=\"9af617a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ff849d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ff849d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>   Advantages<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e90aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e90aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9e78bf2\" data-id=\"9e78bf2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-996e23a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"996e23a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-A8xGdoxieomRPlx7L3Rcj73jnUd\"><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-A8xGdoxieomRPlx7L3Rcj73jnUd\">The following are a few benefits of PCB-ICT:<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WQJpdsMmToW19TxlRsCcaVIenxb\"><strong>1 High Test Coverage<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JJCwdOvfmoagYmx9bx6clMOXn0b\">ICT exercises are <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">highly thorough<\/span> since they examine every component and every point of connection on the PCB.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-B3KAdADGOoesnWxr2NmcBczrnRf\"><strong>2 Fast Testing and Cost-Effectiveness <\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Vqscdce4MokMJcxZpH9c3zXanid\">The expenses involved in installing ICT may be high, but it becomes <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">cheap in large production<\/span> since it works faster and more accurately as compared to the manual method.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NmDsdVbR8on6AcxjaWkco3manug\"><strong>3 Precise Fault Localization<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-G9j4dZjYto2k6OxbkWgc2ho2nCc\">In the event that this is not feasible, ICT can assist in resolving the issues by <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">pinpointing the faults<\/span>.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Ve7ndEJxDodA9ZxalcZc68GbnUh\"><strong>4 <\/strong><strong>Repeatability<\/strong><strong> and Reliability <\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Fv54d8VnWo2Zjrxl8zccfcS1nKP\">ICT is highly accurate since it consistently provides a comparable level of<span style=\"color: #d83931;\"> performance regardless<\/span> of the technology used.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UWsrd0r6LoEJVrxfGfZcojNLn8e\"><strong>5 Seamless Integration<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-IwSCdkkKBoU9GSxkAUMcPNJ8nsg\">It fits well on the production line since it does <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">not require many handlers<\/span>, which in turn makes work easier.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-I9opdl7NcoLV3kxi4LcczUcWnkf\"><strong>6 Data Collection and Reporting <\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XLgIdC269oAACRxmw3KcbFmTnXe\">ICT systems generate highly descriptive test reports that assist in <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">identifying the quality<\/span> and the processes that are being enhanced.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a32a031 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a32a031\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31740c1\" data-id=\"31740c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80cb942 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"80cb942\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>   Disadvantages<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d40147e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d40147e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-227764e\" data-id=\"227764e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-020a204 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"020a204\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RLlVdzGhgo1bV9xrjbPcFkdDnbh\"><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RLlVdzGhgo1bV9xrjbPcFkdDnbh\">Below are some of the disadvantages of PCB-ICT:<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TmLndoCZmoA54dx4VoYc3Ujcnzb\"><strong>1 High Initial Setup Cost<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-QQuVdI0ALo5YZ2xkafzcqaR5nPg\">Regarding design aspects, it is pertinent to note that ICT entails the need to develop new fittings and additional software coding which may be <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">expensive<\/span>.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RG3sd3alpofIRBxoXdxcprl5ncb\"><strong>2 Limited Access for Compact Boards<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Jk4ydW9ofoN3BFxZxmZcap7Dnpb\">Manufacturing test engineers prefer design patterns where test points on the test boards are easily accessible in order to test as many components as feasible within the circuit.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-GTdJd6kYIoVPaLxXOF7cOatrnoc\"><strong>3 Fixture <\/strong><strong>Maintenance<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PnAbdNXswoYcQZxQhBKcm7K8nec\">Over time, the test fixture&#8217;s <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">probe<\/span> may deteriorate and need to be <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">replaced or repaired<\/span>.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M7lmdT7wvoDasDxq8q5cd5iQnOg\"><strong>4 Change Management<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XRSOd4rkEoM4dAxDRDScJLbwn9P\">Modifications that may occur in the PCB layout may affect the <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">change in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">fixtures<\/span>, and <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">test software<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">hence<\/span>, increasing additional costs and time.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f230efe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f230efe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7adf111\" data-id=\"7adf111\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-879968b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"879968b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Design for Testability for the PCB Assembly<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8c8a79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8c8a79\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82d249d\" data-id=\"82d249d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a253892 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a253892\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Cu9CdBiBsoKQWCxyICic12pinRg\"><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Cu9CdBiBsoKQWCxyICic12pinRg\">In order to ensure <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">effective functionality and fault detection<\/span> during manufacture, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-design-for-testability\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Design for Testability (DFT)<\/a> in PCB assembly needs integrating accessible test locations and features that facilitate effective ICT.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TdXKdXyrToa44hxrxuwcrZ0kndc\" data-list=\"bullet\"><strong>Tooling Holes and Probe Pads<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JTKCdvARboIZM7x9QDWcvEovnBb\">Additionally, to make sure that the PCB is positioned accurately inside the test fixture, it is advisable to include exact tooling holes. It suggests that <strong>each circuit board<\/strong> should have probe-able pads so that the board&#8217;s necessary components can be checked.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PKDCdIyNJoCV1ZxiKn6c9ZYwnhd\" data-list=\"bullet\"><strong>Test Pads Placement and Distribution<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Pwe6du9HKotPOvxpJM7cbnGYnEh\">In order to make them easily accessible during testing, the test points should be positioned <strong>on one side of the <\/strong><strong>PCB<\/strong>. Damage will result if many test points are placed too near to one another.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-D7M9dy8ATomYtxxyyjqc0QI2n1b\" data-list=\"bullet\"><strong>Test Point Size and Spacing<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EXlUdZmy1orHLlx7gtfcOI59nPf\">Test points should be large enough so that they can be probed conveniently: an ideal test point, therefore, should be about <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">30 mils in diameter<\/span>.This indicates that, depending on the probe sizes, there should be sufficient distance between the test spots.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-J9BFd1lOlof8pex6oQqcy13qn1c\" data-list=\"bullet\"><strong>Ground Test Points and <\/strong><strong>Clearance<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AYUAdeYk3o9Al9xBd0ncL9tHnli\">Distribute around <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">10%<\/span> of test points to ground test points and do it so that they are distributed evenly. To lessen interference, make sure there is <strong>enough space<\/strong> <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">between the components and the test locations<\/span>.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-IHd8dk4PSoqB44xCFE7cYJchnxb\" data-list=\"bullet\"><strong>Component Edge <\/strong><strong>Clearance<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RgqRdr68PoCZnBx7sLWcuZcWnJh\">Never place test points near the periphery of any component in the hope of easy probing without crushing them.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VLqtdzibso5jpsxCVdOcY9kQnAc\" data-list=\"bullet\"><strong>Test Target Priorities<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DWdLdvyvIoEr3vxpxYEcw1U9nJf\">This indicates that test pads should be the primary priority among the test targets, followed by vias, and then <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/what-is-through-hole-pcb\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"595\">through-hole<\/a> component leads.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XsR1dJIykofPoSx2jIxcQH7enQc\" data-list=\"bullet\"><strong>PCB<\/strong><strong> Panelization<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-FL99d3W8SoLN10xglL4cPPQunYc\">For testing purposes, <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">keep the tooling holes in the breakaway strips<\/span> if the PCBs are panelized.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JoDNdVh0ioPXfKx2EtLcMKt7ncg\" data-list=\"bullet\"><strong>Boundary Scan Technology<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OD8cdupdPoczuCxfrNcc3UNdn5c\">For testing equipment that are difficult to physically access, you might want to look into boundary scan technologies.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a28c0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a28c0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0f4103\" data-id=\"c0f4103\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb3e8b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cb3e8b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Utilization in the Wider PCB Test Ecosystem<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-826b7b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"826b7b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c12c99\" data-id=\"7c12c99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4219b56 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"4219b56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/flying-probe-testing\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Flying-Probe-Tesing-Guide.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-13889\" alt=\"What is Flying Probe Tesing\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Flying-Probe-Tesing-Guide.png 600w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Flying-Probe-Tesing-Guide-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/flying-probe-testing\/\">Flying Probe Test<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1313923 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1313923\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6365ed7\" data-id=\"6365ed7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc85fc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc85fc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div>Because it combines with other testing techniques like functional testing and automated optical inspection to provide thorough coverage of the PCB&#8217;s performance and reliability throughout the manufacturing process, it is a crucial component of the entire test ecosystem.<\/div><div>Combining Other Testing Techniques, in the broader testing strategy, ICT is but one &#8220;testing&#8221; technique. It enhances other methods to ensure the quality of the final output :<\/div><ul><li data-list=\"bullet\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-aoi-inspection\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Automated Optical Inspection <\/a><\/li><\/ul><div>Employed earlier than ICT to ascertain evidence of signs of visible faults such as improper soldering and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-component-placement\/\">component placement<\/a>s.<\/div><ul><li data-list=\"bullet\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-x-ray-inspection\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">X-Ray Inspection<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-F2sPdsZnuo3RRFxWSSkc9q0GnFh\">Investigating some of the PCB&#8217;s intraplate characteristics and invisible solder junctions, including more complex projects like the application of Ball Grid Arrays (BGAs).<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DpgQddvv1o1kFSx4wFCcC8gcnDh\">While X-ray testing is powerful, it has <span style=\"color: #d83931;\"><strong>limitations<\/strong><\/span>, such as the inability to detect surface defects. If the board is full of components, it is even more difficult to detect them.<\/div><\/div><\/div><ul><li data-list=\"bullet\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/flying-probe-testing\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Flying Probe Testing<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div>A typographical technique that is flexible and widely used for checking modest production needs and design validation.<\/div><ul><li data-list=\"bullet\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-functional-testing\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Functional Testing<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div>Examine the PCB&#8217;s performance in actual environmental settings to see whether it is operating as intended.<\/div><ul><li data-list=\"bullet\">System-Level Testing<\/li><\/ul><div>At this point, testing is done to ensure that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-component-placement\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"598\">PCB and all other system components<\/a> have been produced to a high standard.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a257915 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a257915\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7815a8e5\" data-id=\"7815a8e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a23ce80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a23ce80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53899257 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53899257\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-518afaf\" data-id=\"518afaf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ee31cf6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ee31cf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"O85pdwOqIobPbQx8khNc53xQnbf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WSbhdOQQMoy5qcxIkLGc70NsnGe\">The purpose of ICT, an intermediate step in the production of electronic devices, is to verify that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/how-does-the-circuit-board-works\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"592\">printed circuit boards<\/a> (PCBs) on the integrated circuits are viable after assembly.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WSbhdOQQMoy5qcxIkLGc70NsnGe\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Rx9ZdTTozofLzIxf0tycfTCbn39\">Due to the application of specialized hardware and software, ICT is effective in identifying defects at the initial stages and ensures that the quality is well controlled, hence eliminating costly errors. The Bed of Nails fixture and other techniques are used to do this, which involves, <b>among other things, shorts, opens, and component values<\/b>. ICT has high test coverage, precision, and cost-benefit, particularly in large-scale productions, but it incurs high initial costs and is unsuitable for highly integrated circuits.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Rx9ZdTTozofLzIxf0tycfTCbn39\">\u00a0<\/div><p>The total efficacy is increased when ICT is combined with additional testing techniques like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-aoi-inspection\/\">AOI<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-x-ray-inspection\/\">X-Ray Inspection<\/a>. In light of technological advancements, ICT must take the lead in ensuring that electronic devices are high-quality and thoroughly examined.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e255377 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e255377\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-313d18aa\" data-id=\"313d18aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-167b294d elementor-widget 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Gerber Files, submit a\u00a0Quick Quote\u00a0for free estimate.<\/p><\/div><\/form><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5782c747 elementor-button-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-form\" data-id=\"5782c747\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;step_next_label&quot;:&quot;Next&quot;,&quot;step_previous_label&quot;:&quot;Previous&quot;,&quot;button_width&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;step_type&quot;:&quot;number_text&quot;,&quot;step_icon_shape&quot;:&quot;circle&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"form.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form class=\"elementor-form\" method=\"post\" name=\"New Form\" aria-label=\"New Form\">\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"post_id\" value=\"2056\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"form_id\" value=\"5782c747\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"referer_title\" value=\"An Ultimate Guide to PCB Inspection Methods-ELE PCB\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"queried_id\" value=\"4187\"\/>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-form-fields-wrapper elementor-labels-above\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-text elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-name elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYour Name\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"text\" name=\"form_fields[name]\" id=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-email elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-message elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEmail Address\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"email\" name=\"form_fields[message]\" id=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-tel elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_373bda7 elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhone Number\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"tel\" name=\"form_fields[field_373bda7]\" id=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" pattern=\"[0-9()#&amp;+*-=.]+\" title=\"Csak a sz\u00e1mok \u00e9s telefonkarakterek (#, -, * stb.) fogadhat\u00f3k el.\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-checkbox elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_c168eb1 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI am interested in (select all that apply)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-subgroup  elementor-subgroup-inline\"><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\">Rigid PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\">Flexible Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Aluminum PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\">Flexible Aluminum PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible PCB Microcircuits\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\">Flexible PCB Microcircuits<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\">Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid-Flex\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\">Rigid-Flex<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\">Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\">Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Copper Core\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\">Copper Core<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"IC Substrates &amp; Interposer\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\">IC Substrates & Interposer<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"High TG PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\">High TG PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Heavy Copper\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\">Heavy Copper<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"PCB Assembly\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\">PCB Assembly<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Components Sourcing\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\">Components Sourcing<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Other\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\">Other<\/label><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-upload elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_2cea676 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUpload Your Files (Optional)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"file\" name=\"form_fields[field_2cea676]\" id=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-upload-field\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_9ceb2c8 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMessage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field  elementor-size-sm\" name=\"form_fields[field_9ceb2c8]\" id=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Submit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-123957a9\" data-id=\"123957a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cc69204 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cc69204\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18f51b7f\" data-id=\"18f51b7f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents Early defect detection is the major purpose of ICT in PCB manufacturing. It is a very important tool in PCB manufacturing to identify defects on commercial products. Want to know more? Check ELEPCB! What is ICT in PCB? PCB-ICT is a method used to confirm the integrity and functionality of each and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":13890,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[129,139],"class_list":["post-14515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-pcb-manufacturing","tag-pcba-test"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14515","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14515"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14515\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17182,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14515\/revisions\/17182"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13890"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14515"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14515"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}