{"id":18391,"date":"2025-02-08T17:40:02","date_gmt":"2025-02-08T09:40:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/?p=18391"},"modified":"2025-02-17T09:46:46","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T01:46:46","slug":"pcb-lab-pcb-laboratory-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/pcb-lab-pcb-laboratory-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"PCB Labor: PCB laborat\u00f3riumi elemz\u00e9s, PCB teszt \u00e9s PCB laborat\u00f3riumi berendez\u00e9sek"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"18391\" class=\"elementor elementor-18391\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-58f34b96 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"58f34b96\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a24c364\" data-id=\"6a24c364\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71b177d elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"71b177d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__71b177d\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__71b177d\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__71b177d\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77d776a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77d776a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div>An equipped <strong>PCB<\/strong><strong> laboratory<\/strong> is essential to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-layout-design-process-and-guidelines\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">design<\/a>,<span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> analyze, test <\/span>a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/printed-circuit-board-types-and-their-uses\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">printed circuit board<\/a> and assure its reliability in terms of adherence to standard requirements of the industries. PCB lab also tends to <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">minimize wastes<\/span> by detecting faults during initial stages of production.<\/div><div><em><strong>So, how to build a professional PCB laboratory?\u00a0 And how does it work? Let&#8217;s get started with <\/strong><\/em><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">ELEPCB<\/a><\/strong><\/em><em><strong>!<\/strong><\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ecef3ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ecef3ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7268443c\" data-id=\"7268443c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70cf0ecd elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"70cf0ecd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3bb266ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3bb266ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-611e39ec\" data-id=\"611e39ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59129231 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59129231\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>How to Build a Professional PCB Laboratory?<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70d8c4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70d8c4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4660c4a\" data-id=\"4660c4a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aeedc1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1aeedc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>1 Construction Qualification Requirements<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7ac66bd5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7ac66bd5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-263dc4cd\" data-id=\"263dc4cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d7cce4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d7cce4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f53604e\" data-id=\"7f53604e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18eb5be2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18eb5be2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>The Standard of PCB Lab<\/b><\/h4><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u00a0<b>CNAS Accreditation<\/b><\/span><\/p><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"D0D7d0KzCoy2Vvx6MvycmCiBnWc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul><li data-list=\"bullet\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div>The PCB laboratory needs to have <strong>CNAS<\/strong> (China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment) accreditation qualification, including the laboratory in the <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">technical ability, equipment management, quality of personnel<\/span> and other aspects to meet the strict requirements.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight );\">\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0<b>ISO9001 Certification<\/b><\/p><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ZFFnd630CoLYUFxEwUOcPYQNnwd\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>ISO9001 quality management system certification proves the standardization and effectiveness of the laboratory in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-quality-control\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">quality<\/a><\/strong><strong> management<\/strong>. This certification requires laboratories to establish a comprehensive quality management system, covering all aspects from <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">experimental process design, equipment maintenance to personnel training<\/span>.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b292b8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b292b8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e9c443\" data-id=\"1e9c443\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1972096 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1972096\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-156ebd8\" data-id=\"156ebd8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ceff332 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ceff332\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Professional Qualifications<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"D0D7d0KzCoy2Vvx6MvycmCiBnWc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-FqRHdMdInoeP0exhQvQcf6fNnzb\" data-list=\"bullet\">PCB laboratory personnel need to have relevant professional knowledge and skills, and be able to <span style=\"color:rgb(46,161,33)\">skillfully operate testing equipment and tools<\/span>.<\/li><span data-lark-record-data=\"{&quot;rootId&quot;:&quot;XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:{&quot;initialAttributedTexts&quot;:{&quot;text&quot;:{&quot;0&quot;:&quot;PCB laboratory personnel need to have relevant professional knowledge and skills, and be able to skillfully operate testing equipment and tools.&quot;},&quot;attribs&quot;:{&quot;0&quot;:&quot;*0+2p*0*1+1a*0+1&quot;}},&quot;apool&quot;:{&quot;numToAttrib&quot;:{&quot;0&quot;:[&quot;author&quot;,&quot;7423575385186172931&quot;],&quot;1&quot;:[&quot;textHighlight&quot;,&quot;rgb(46,161,33)&quot;]},&quot;nextNum&quot;:2}},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bullet&quot;,&quot;referenceRecordMap&quot;:{},&quot;extra&quot;:{&quot;channel&quot;:&quot;saas&quot;,&quot;isEqualBlockSelection&quot;:true,&quot;pasteRandomId&quot;:&quot;fdfc7ed4-ecd9-48af-84c1-653f7cbb89b8&quot;,&quot;mention_page_title&quot;:{},&quot;external_mention_url&quot;:{}},&quot;isKeepQuoteContainer&quot;:false,&quot;isFromCode&quot;:false,&quot;selection&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:35,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;selection&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:0,&quot;end&quot;:144},&quot;recordId&quot;:&quot;FqRHdMdInoeP0exhQvQcf6fNnzb&quot;}],&quot;payloadMap&quot;:{},&quot;isCut&quot;:false}\" data-lark-record-format=\"docx\/text\" class=\"lark-record-clipboard\"><\/span>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2dd7465\" data-id=\"2dd7465\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aef0f7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8aef0f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Product Traceability System<\/strong><\/h4><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"D0D7d0KzCoy2Vvx6MvycmCiBnWc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul><li data-list=\"bullet\">The establishment of a comprehensive product traceability system, which is particularly important for PCB laboratories, because PCB in electronic equipment in the key role, once the problem occurs, <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">can quickly locate the source<\/span> of raw materials, production processes, test links, in order to take effective corrective measures.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a87a137\" data-id=\"a87a137\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a18555a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a18555a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Equipment Qualification<\/strong><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-J7gmdHAZzoCQUzxoXNOctvejnuh\" data-list=\"bullet\">PCB laboratory equipment needs to comply with relevant standards and specifications, <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">regular maintenance <\/span>and calibration.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b6952db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b6952db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-102c946\" data-id=\"102c946\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1f37c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e1f37c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>2 Functional Partitioning of PCB Lab<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5512ab3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5512ab3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-57da5cb\" data-id=\"57da5cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9301f13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9301f13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-production-equipment-placement-area-1024x735.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18400\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-production-equipment-placement-area-1024x735.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-production-equipment-placement-area-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-production-equipment-placement-area-768x551.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-production-equipment-placement-area-1536x1103.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-production-equipment-placement-area-2048x1470.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-617462b\" data-id=\"617462b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91adeaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91adeaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"font-family: Roboto Slab, sans-serif;\"><b>Production Equipment Placement Area<\/b><\/span><b><\/b><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">Centralized placement of <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">large-scale equipment<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> required for PCB production, such as <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">high-precision printing machines<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">cutting and <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/ins-and-out-of-pcb-drilling-revealed\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">drilling<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\"> equipment<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">, etc. requires a special space for placement.<\/span><\/div><div><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div><div><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">And the <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">spacing between the equipment should be taken into account<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> in order to facilitate operation, maintenance and heat dissipation.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6b17238 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6b17238\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c90c79e\" data-id=\"c90c79e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2b5424 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2b5424\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"font-family: Roboto Slab, sans-serif;\"><b>Row Material Storage Area<\/b><\/span><b><\/b><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div>Can<span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> store raw <\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/guide-to-pcb-materials-and-features-of-fr-4-pcb-material\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">materials<\/a><\/span>, such as <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/ele-copper-pcb-board\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">copper<\/a><\/span> <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">cladding<\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> boards, copper foils, and chemicals<\/span>.\u00a0<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>All these must be stored according to <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">specific safety and environmental needs<\/span>, such as categorical storage of the chemicals, preventing mutual reactions while keeping adequate considerations for ventilation and fire prevention.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-37f90c4\" data-id=\"37f90c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dbbf4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0dbbf4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"548\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-raw-material-storage-area-3-768x548.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-18405\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-raw-material-storage-area-3-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-raw-material-storage-area-3-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-raw-material-storage-area-3-1024x730.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-raw-material-storage-area-3-1536x1095.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-raw-material-storage-area-3-2048x1460.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ec8d02d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ec8d02d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-acf5480\" data-id=\"acf5480\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42dd0c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"42dd0c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-manual-operation-area-1024x570.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18406\" alt=\"elepcb pcb lab manual operation area\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-manual-operation-area-1024x570.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-manual-operation-area-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-manual-operation-area-768x428.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-manual-operation-area-1536x856.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-manual-operation-area-2048x1141.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-05f635a\" data-id=\"05f635a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adedce8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"adedce8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"font-family: Roboto Slab, sans-serif;\"><b>Manual Operation Area<\/b><\/span><b><\/b><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">Set up a <\/span><a style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/what-is-pcb-manual-inspection\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">manual<\/a><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> operation area for those <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">small, fine or needing to be manually operated links<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> such as the initial installation of components, simple line connection and so on.<\/span><\/div><div><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div><div><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">It needs <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">adequate lighting and proper height<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> of the workbench in order to ensure the comfort of the operator and the accuracy of the operation.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e1bdbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e1bdbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab10075\" data-id=\"ab10075\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95493e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95493e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"font-family: Roboto Slab, sans-serif;\"><b>Chemical Experiment Area<\/b><\/span><b><\/b><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-FGl7dS8LJoJ9M8xvYfdcahnFndd\"><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-etching-definition-types-process\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Etching<\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">, plating and other chemical experimental operations<\/span>, equipped with etching equipment, plating equipment, chemical analysis instruments, etc., storage of etching solution, plating solution and other chemical reagents, all with the <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">appropriate safety and environmental protection facilities<\/span>.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2efb6cb\" data-id=\"2efb6cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-284ec47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"284ec47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"486\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ele-pcb-lab_chemical-experiment-area-1024x622.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18396\" alt=\"elepcb pcb lab\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ele-pcb-lab_chemical-experiment-area-1024x622.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ele-pcb-lab_chemical-experiment-area-300x182.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ele-pcb-lab_chemical-experiment-area-768x467.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ele-pcb-lab_chemical-experiment-area-1536x933.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ele-pcb-lab_chemical-experiment-area-2048x1244.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-075b8a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"075b8a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-652131f\" data-id=\"652131f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbb4bc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fbb4bc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-pcb-test-partition1-1024x626.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18402\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-pcb-test-partition1-1024x626.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-pcb-test-partition1-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-pcb-test-partition1-768x470.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-pcb-test-partition1-1536x940.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-pcb-test-partition1-2048x1253.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-000d9ec\" data-id=\"000d9ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc98b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dc98b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"font-family: Roboto Slab, sans-serif;\"><b>PCB Test Partition<\/b><\/span><b><\/b><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-FGl7dS8LJoJ9M8xvYfdcahnFndd\"><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RKDRdONGgoRryDx9WZPcPgIAnZg\"><div>In addition, there is a need for the above four production areas according to their respective functions of the board division, so that the layout of the PCB laboratory dynamic line is reasonable, in line with the logic of PCB production, especially <strong>PCB testing<\/strong>. Mainly divided into the following three boards:<\/div><div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XZz2dHslJohwq4xznyScdkIGnLi\" data-list=\"bullet\"><strong>Electrical performance test area<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ACmzd4HsUorTt2xsSLvctCgqnIb\" data-list=\"bullet\"><strong>Reliability test<\/strong><strong> area<\/strong><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-L6eOdkmY6ovzkcx0S29cHCotnKe\" data-list=\"bullet\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-functional-testing\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Functional Test<\/a><\/strong><strong> Area<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2dc61e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2dc61e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c47c792\" data-id=\"c47c792\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0877b6d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0877b6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"font-family: Roboto Slab, sans-serif;\"><b>Microstructure Analysis Area<\/b><\/span><b><\/b><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div>If PCB is found to <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">have problems in the previous test process<\/span>, or the <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">microstructure of the PCB needs to be studied<\/span>, the PCB will be sent to the microstructure analysis area.\u00a0<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>Equipped with microscopes and other equipment to check the microscopic connection of the line, the quality of the solder joints and so on. This area requires a <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">clean environment<\/span> to avoid dust and other impurities affecting the observation results.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f005a5d\" data-id=\"f005a5d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4a3b0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a4a3b0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-microstructure-analysis-area-1024x671.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18393\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-microstructure-analysis-area-1024x671.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-microstructure-analysis-area-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-microstructure-analysis-area-768x503.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-microstructure-analysis-area-1536x1006.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-microstructure-analysis-area-2048x1342.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c96d22 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4c96d22\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-63ed462\" data-id=\"63ed462\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34f8661 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"34f8661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-failure-analysis-area-1024x633.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18403\" alt=\"elepcb pcb lab failure analysis area\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-failure-analysis-area-1024x633.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-failure-analysis-area-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-failure-analysis-area-768x475.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-failure-analysis-area-1536x950.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/elepcb-pcb-lab-failure-analysis-area-2048x1266.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ade820\" data-id=\"2ade820\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ec8be7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ec8be7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"font-family: Roboto Slab, sans-serif;\"><b>Failure Analysis Area<\/b><\/span><b><\/b><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div>When the PCB fails, where fault <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">troubleshooting and analysis<\/span>.<\/div><div><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div><div><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">Need to be equipped with a variety of fault diagnostic tools, such as <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">logic analyzers, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-short-circuit\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">short-circuit<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\"> testers<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">, etc., and to facilitate the technicians to dismantle and inspect the faulty PCB.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d989e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d989e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3531190\" data-id=\"3531190\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1190e21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1190e21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>3 PCB Laboratory Process<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-515e0bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"515e0bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ac5c96\" data-id=\"7ac5c96\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d416a57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d416a57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After reading the above functional partitions, our mind will have a rough image of the layout of the PCB laboratory.&nbsp;<\/p><p>Now, let&#8217;s run through the operation process of the PCB laboratory again.&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">You can <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: rgb(46, 161, 33);\">find the corresponding process<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> according to the image just in your mind.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-769bacd3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"769bacd3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5014b20f\" data-id=\"5014b20f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-283e8c89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"283e8c89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 1: <br>Raw Material Preparation<\/b><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d79424 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d79424\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ea9fbd\" data-id=\"1ea9fbd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1391a4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1391a4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\"><div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\"><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Y4MidugEdo1KINxUMzBcE9clnqd\">First,<span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> take out the required<\/span> copper-clad boards, copper foils and other materials from the<span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> raw material<\/span> storage area.\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Y4MidugEdo1KINxUMzBcE9clnqd\">If chemical experiments are involved, <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">chemical reagents<\/span> are also taken out to place the appropriate basic materials on the workbench in the fabrication area, ready for subsequent processing. During the preparation of raw materials, <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">check<\/span> whether the <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">specifications and models<\/span> of the materials meet the design requirements.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-68e976b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"68e976b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a51b036\" data-id=\"a51b036\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b481ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b481ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 2: <br>Line Printing<\/b><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-59eb765\" data-id=\"59eb765\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4c6221 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d4c6221\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 3: <br>Cutting and Drilling<\/b><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d4fee30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d4fee30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aaf1087\" data-id=\"aaf1087\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ada70a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ada70a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\"><div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\"><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Y4MidugEdo1KINxUMzBcE9clnqd\"><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JjJLdnDCzoKjCjxUNZscCMKQnqc\">Before printing, technicians <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">carry out equipment debugging operations<\/span>, such as adjusting the position of the printing head, pressure and other parameters, and then use high-precision printing machines to print the designed line patterns onto the copper-clad board.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7d1e92\" data-id=\"e7d1e92\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bae791 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9bae791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CpIYdUW3fosYOMxfa9ZcyNoFnHe\"><div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CpIYdUW3fosYOMxfa9ZcyNoFnHe\"><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RK2WdultEo8UPexCM2qcbGjlnmf\">According to design requirements, there are <strong>cutting and drilling equipment<\/strong> in the process line that cut or drill the printed circuit boards, and the debris from the aforementioned process falls directly into a collecting device for an easy cleaning thereof.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3bab1e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3bab1e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ec6149f\" data-id=\"ec6149f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26cb83e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"26cb83e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 4: <br>Chemical Experiment Operation<\/b><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8fdd0d6\" data-id=\"8fdd0d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-112239f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"112239f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 5: <br>Manual Component Mounting<\/b><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d1fe69b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4d1fe69b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6380c188\" data-id=\"6380c188\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee264fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee264fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\"><div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\"><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Y4MidugEdo1KINxUMzBcE9clnqd\"><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Z0yldEr0uo0HhYxTXrcc69O8nth\">After printing, cutting and drilling, <strong>chemical experiments<\/strong> are performed.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66d7a6db\" data-id=\"66d7a6db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5577425 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5577425\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CpIYdUW3fosYOMxfa9ZcyNoFnHe\"><div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CpIYdUW3fosYOMxfa9ZcyNoFnHe\"><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-K5oFdmgTEoKi6SxMuJ5cLWo2nyb\">After completing chemical experiments, <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">small <\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-components-sourcing\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">components<\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> are mounted<\/span> manually in the manual operation area. When needed, PCBs are quickly transferred between the nearby fabrication equipment placement area and the chemical experiment area.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-66215fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"66215fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c18aec\" data-id=\"4c18aec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14e7344 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"14e7344\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d7d71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d7d71\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-02a1512\" data-id=\"02a1512\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c23bb3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c23bb3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>PCB Laboratory Analysis<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d3efcba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d3efcba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96bccc3\" data-id=\"96bccc3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a14dd91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a14dd91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>I. Electrical Performance Analysis<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ce7c69a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ce7c69a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-12a4b2f\" data-id=\"12a4b2f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e35930 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e35930\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Testing Continuity of Circuitry<\/b><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d57db7d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d57db7d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9580e1\" data-id=\"c9580e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15b17e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"15b17e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/PCB-Test-point-768x480.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-13894\" alt=\"PCB Test point\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/PCB-Test-point-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/PCB-Test-point-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/PCB-Test-point.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a782e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a782e2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b983547\" data-id=\"b983547\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50f9d4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50f9d4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XKiddiZ2Molr4RxgLkjcw4krnPg\" style=\"text-align: left;\">The test probes make contact with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-test-point\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">test points<\/a> on a circuit board. A <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">small voltage signal<\/span> is thereafter passed through it to check whether there are intact circuit paths or not. In doing this, it becomes crucial for multi-layer PCBs, since <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">any break or short in internal connections can be a problem<\/span>.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d318f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d318f9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5f82738\" data-id=\"5f82738\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-010806e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"010806e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>II. Component Parameter Analysis<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6232ee1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6232ee1f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fa02c62\" data-id=\"6fa02c62\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10b5bc4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"10b5bc4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>PCB Resistance Analysis<\/b><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fcd1d45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7fcd1d45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZZj9dIGqOovHdqxH9pncjp4jn8f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O1dvdfClOotNL7xDhalcuuNLnyh\"><div data-page-id=\"ZZj9dIGqOovHdqxH9pncjp4jn8f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O1dvdfClOotNL7xDhalcuuNLnyh\"><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TSLzdnk9so52QrxtxyQcoxRGnBu\"><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TSLzdnk9so52QrxtxyQcoxRGnBu\"><strong>Resistance Measurement:<\/strong> The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/applications\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">application<\/a> of a multimeter or any other dedicated device to resistance measurement helps to <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">disclose the resistance value of components<\/span> in the PCBs.<\/div><h5 class=\"heading-5 ace-line old-record-id-FSUudWj9Vo8m0PxiQTIcOOQxnRg\"><strong>1. <\/strong><strong>PCB<\/strong><strong> Resistance Range<\/strong><\/h5><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Dk0GdTw0EonTjaxI07QctwpEnKd\" data-list=\"bullet\">Normal discrete resistors have very wide resistance ranges, like carbon film resistors and metal film resistors. In ordinary electronic circuits, a few ohms to several M\u03a9 could be normal. For example, the resistance takes about <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">100 \u03a9 in the current-limiting circuit<\/span>. While <strong>voltage-dividing circuit<\/strong> is used, the resistor should be some thousand ohms or even <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">ten k\u03a9 at least<\/span>. In <strong>digital circuits<\/strong> pull-up resistors or pull-down resistors are generally in the <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">range of 1 &#8211; 10 kOhm<\/span>.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-B1tddnhppoG18wxD7DScUZjQncf\" data-list=\"bullet\">In some <strong>power circuits<\/strong>, the resistor values depend on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/power-supply-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">power<\/a> level. Such as a current-limiting resistor used in some <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/high-power-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">high-power<\/a><\/strong><strong> devices<\/strong> may be a fraction of an ohm whereas a bias resistor used for small-signal processing may be several megohms.<\/li><\/ul><h5 class=\"heading-5 ace-line old-record-id-IFVgd31YAoOdUWxdkBnclMRNn7c\"><strong>2. Pre-Processing Program for Resistance Anomaly<\/strong><\/h5><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-D2JMdZkuUo5hWpxrdY6cLU1unVQ\" data-list=\"bullet\">When the value of the resistance measured is much<span style=\"color: #d83931;\"> less compared <\/span>to the nominal value, then the resistor is probably <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">shorted<\/span>.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VXW4dOhshoy24rxTSM7cSBeAnJc\" data-list=\"bullet\">This could be because of <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">damage to the internal film layer of the <\/span><span style=\"color: #d83931;\">resistor<\/span>, such as destruction of the carbon film in a carbon film resistor, or an <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">overvoltage<\/span> or <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">overcurrent shock<\/span> in the circuit. In this case, if it is a discrete resistor, you can <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">solder it off the board and again measure it<\/span> to confirm whether it is really shorted. It can be directly replaced with a resistor of the same resistance value and a power specification only when it is confirmed to be short-circuited and is a common low-power resistor. The measure resistance is <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">much larger<\/span> when compared with nominal value. Resistor maybe has an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/open-circuits-in-pcbs\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">open-circuit<\/a> problem in such a situation, possibly due to resistor pin solder or internal fracture.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-IYgsdtEtkowXzsxPzBycgJEpnfh\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-list=\"bullet\">The resistor should again be removed from the board for measurement to confirm that. If it is an open circuit, a normal resistor in a simple circuit will do for a <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">direct replacement<\/span>. If it&#8217;s on a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/multilayer-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">multi-layer<\/a> circuit board, which <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">would be difficult to remove<\/span>, this can be painstakingly removed with the help of a tool and replaced.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b00b051 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b00b051\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4f264e\" data-id=\"c4f264e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-712dda0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"712dda0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>PCB Capacitance Analysis<\/b><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c54fc6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c54fc6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZZj9dIGqOovHdqxH9pncjp4jn8f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"ZZj9dIGqOovHdqxH9pncjp4jn8f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AHU5dKeegoEyNNx8KvncTOqVnlg\"><strong>Capacitance<\/strong><strong> Measurement: <\/strong>Capacitance testers are the meters used for measuring values like <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">capacitance<\/span>.<\/div><h5 class=\"heading-5 ace-line old-record-id-WY1BdNjYSo1byTx93LkcXCQCnRd\"><strong>1. <\/strong><strong>PCB<\/strong> <strong>Capacitance<\/strong><strong> Range<\/strong><\/h5><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TjAKd4xiYoQbWhxO9utcRoD6nKf\" data-list=\"bullet\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/ceramic-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Ceramic<\/a><\/strong><strong> capacitors<\/strong> are available over a very wide range of capacitance values, from a few pF up to several microfarads. Very common ceramic capacitors that can be used within the range of <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">10-1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">pF<\/span> in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/high-frequency-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">high-frequency circuits<\/a> for filtering, coupling, among other uses. <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">0.1-10\u03bcF<\/span> ceramic capacitor can also work in some applications of <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">low frequency<\/span> <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">decoupling<\/span>.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-F2szdSrzdopfEvxdcGJc0DBwnwf\" data-list=\"bullet\"><strong>Electrolytic capacitors<\/strong> are available in large capacitances, a few microfarads upwards to several thousand microfarads. In <strong>power supply filtering circuits<\/strong>, common electrolytic capacitors may have a capacity of <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">100-10000 \u03bcF<\/span>. Different application scenarios have requirements for the voltage withstand value of electrolytic capacitors. For example, the filtering electrolytic capacitors in the <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">5V power supply circuit <\/span>only require a voltage withstand value of <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">10-16V<\/span>, while those in the <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">220V<\/span> mains rectifier filtering circuit must have a voltage withstand value of <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">at least 400V<\/span>.<\/li><\/ul><h5 class=\"heading-5 ace-line old-record-id-Yyr9d1RlKoPRJJx7SmMcNI9GnMb\"><strong>2. <\/strong><strong>Capacitance<\/strong><strong> Anomaly of the Pretreatment Program<\/strong><\/h5><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-SXO3db9UbowRibxUjn9ctwZAnld\" data-list=\"bullet\">If the actual capacitance measurement is <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">far less<\/span> than the nominal value, this may be due to either <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">leakage or damage to the internal electrode<\/span> in the capacitor.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O3xpd4ymPoCG03xDkVaco2zTn5b\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-list=\"bullet\">In the case of ceramic capacitors, it would be because of the effect of <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">too much voltage or temperature<\/span>. For electrolytic capacitors, leakage may be the result of<span style=\"color: #d83931;\"> dried-up electrolyte or damaged insulation<\/span> inside the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-components-sourcing\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">component<\/a>. If so, the capacitor should be replaced. About electrolytic capacitors, polarity installation should be rightly considered.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HAQGdKHtuoQ5czxuw39cR7f8nmg\" data-list=\"bullet\">If the value measured is<span style=\"color: #d83931;\"> far larger <\/span>compared to the nominal one, then the <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">measurement error<\/span><span style=\"color: #d83931;\"> or internal <\/span><span style=\"color: #d83931;\">short circuit<\/span> of the capacitor probably occurred. If it is a measurement error, <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">re-measure<\/span> using a <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">more precise <\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">capacitance<\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> tester<\/span>. If an internal short circuit is determined, the <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">replacement of both ceramic and electrolytic capacitors<\/span> should be done with the same capacity and withstand voltage value.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d9ec6be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d9ec6be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd41978\" data-id=\"5cd41978\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72af2c6c elementor-cta--skin-cover elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"72af2c6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/RF-PCB-e1718173286217.webp);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"RF PCB\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item elementor-animated-item--grow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRF PCB\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item elementor-animated-item--grow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tClick Here\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-ribbon\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-ribbon-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\tELEPCB\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ac8fbcf\" data-id=\"7ac8fbcf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b15e8cb elementor-cta--skin-cover elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"b15e8cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ele-pcb-products-1024x683.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"ele pcb products\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item elementor-animated-item--grow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMechanical Stress in PCB Coating\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item elementor-animated-item--grow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/mechanical-stress-in-pcb-coating\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tClick Here\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-ribbon\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-ribbon-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\tELEPCB\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d369870 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d369870\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4866641\" data-id=\"4866641\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbcf284 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bbcf284\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>PCB Inductance Analysis<\/b><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6177f32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6177f32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZZj9dIGqOovHdqxH9pncjp4jn8f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"ZZj9dIGqOovHdqxH9pncjp4jn8f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AHU5dKeegoEyNNx8KvncTOqVnlg\"><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-GmprdX0AcoWtqKxDIZGcQW9Bnkd\"><strong>Inductance Measurement: <\/strong>Inductive meters are utilized to find the <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">inductive value<\/span>.<\/div><h5 class=\"heading-5 ace-line old-record-id-QDiqdVqe3oxSp7xZjv7c93cmnhf\"><strong>1. <\/strong><strong>PCB<\/strong><strong> Inductance Range<\/strong><\/h5><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XQLbdTUvcoQEuyx4EHjcFQLinCd\" data-list=\"bullet\">Small inductors, such as those in<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/rf-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\"> RF<\/a><strong> circuits<\/strong>, can be<span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> only a few nano-henries (nH)<\/span> to <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">several tens of microhenries (\u03bcH)<\/span>. For instance, in the <strong>RF circuit of a cell phone<\/strong>, the inductance used for matching networks can be <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">1-10nH<\/span>; in some <strong>low frequency oscillation<\/strong><strong> circuits<\/strong>, inductors of <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">1-100\u03bcH<\/span> can be applied.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WTLid3pr7odi2CxUuYIcHckcn0f\" data-list=\"bullet\">Large inductors, used for <strong>filtering power supplies<\/strong>, may range from <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">several hundred microhenries to a few henries<\/span>. Power inductors within <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">hundreds of microhenries<\/span> could be used for filtering circuits in some switching power supplies, whereas in the case of low-frequency, high current filtering circuits, inductors may go up to <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">a few henries<\/span>.<\/li><\/ul><h5 class=\"heading-5 ace-line old-record-id-Vp19dab6dodNAzxGDmlcLURsn7d\"><strong>2. Inductance Anomaly Pre-Processing Program<\/strong><\/h5><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-J4AsdF5JRo7wroxdslcclHdbnHk\" data-list=\"bullet\">If the measured value of inductance is <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">far less<\/span> than the nominal one, the coil of an <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">inductor<\/span><span style=\"color: #d83931;\"> may be shorted, or its core may be damaged<\/span>. In the case of a coil that is short-circuited, if a wire-wound inductor does exist, it might be that the insulating enamel protecting it got some scratches, which can lead to <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">unexpected contact and hence a <\/span><span style=\"color: #d83931;\">short circuit<\/span><span style=\"color: #d83931;\"> between a few turns<\/span>. Depending on the case where the core might be damaged either due to extreme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/mechanical-stress-in-pcb-coating\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">mechanical stress<\/a> or high temperature, <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">the inductor should be replaced<\/span>.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VTa6d1ePPoTPOlx2uLMctDLinVh\" data-list=\"bullet\">When the measured value of inductance is <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">so much greater<\/span> as compared to a nominal value; there might be a <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">measurement mistake or an open circuit inside<\/span>.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DcytdaN6pol5NNxCAGHcsw0RnDd\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-list=\"bullet\">If it&#8217;s a measurement error, the inductance can be remeasured by replacing it with an even more accurate inductor tester. For an open-circuit situation, involving a pin that had broken either on the inductor or inside the wire of the coil, the inductor <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">has to be replaced<\/span>.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53db535 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53db535\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-59f3e22\" data-id=\"59f3e22\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5d4298 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f5d4298\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1300fe3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1300fe3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5996c65\" data-id=\"5996c65\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1f64b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e1f64b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>III. Physical Property Analysis<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5eba894a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5eba894a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f414da0\" data-id=\"4f414da0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-13f3a307 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"13f3a307\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-15ebe1ad\" data-id=\"15ebe1ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7284ac elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7284ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Dimensional Precision Measurement<\/b><\/h4><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><strong style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\">Calipers and micrometers <\/strong><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">are the best tools for measuring dimensions in the PCB, such as the outermost dimensions of the PCB and hole sizes including line widths of the circuits in it.<\/span><\/div><div><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c6208d7\" data-id=\"3c6208d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6858fc5b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6858fc5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4><b>Physical Property Detection<\/b><\/h4><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div style=\"text-align: left;\"><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><strong style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\">Hardness Testing:<\/strong><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> A <\/span><strong style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\">hardness-testing device<\/strong><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> measures the hardness of the PCB material. Hardness will determine the manner of treatment of the board during manufacturing and <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">how it will be used without deforming<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">.<\/span><\/div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><strong>Thickness Measurement:<\/strong> The overall thickness of the PCB and the thickness of each layer can be measured. Normally, the <strong>design and functionality<\/strong> determine the required thickness of a PCB for various types of electronic devices.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4fc87b63 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4fc87b63\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-70c08e14\" data-id=\"70c08e14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-629c4558 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"629c4558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7cb3c5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7cb3c5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-92000a8\" data-id=\"92000a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3d5bc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a3d5bc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>IV. Chemical Composition Analysis<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-af3fae4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"af3fae4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e130a6c\" data-id=\"e130a6c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a4eef8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a4eef8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0f5094c\" data-id=\"0f5094c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be4f707 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be4f707\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Metal Component Analysis<\/b><\/h4><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><strong style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\">Atomic absorption spectrometers<\/strong><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> or <\/span><strong style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-x-ray-inspection\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">X-ray<\/a><\/strong><strong style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\"> fluorescence spectrometers<\/strong><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> analyze metallic composition in the <\/span><a style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/guide-to-pcb-materials-and-features-of-fr-4-pcb-material\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">PCB material<\/a><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">. These analyses will indicate <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">how pure the metal is<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> and <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">what impurities it contains<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">, as it can lead to<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #d83931;\"> malfunctions in conductivity<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> and the performance of the PCB altogether.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd06741\" data-id=\"bd06741\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c434338 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c434338\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4><b>Solder Material Composition Detection<\/b><\/h4><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div style=\"text-align: left;\"><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><strong>Chemical methods <\/strong>such as <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">titration<\/span> or <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">energy-dispersive spectroscopy <\/span>are performed to identify the composition of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/soldering-defects\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">solder<\/a> materials. Inadequate composition of solder material leads to <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">welding defects<\/span>, primarily <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">weaker joints <\/span>or <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">poor electrical contact<\/span>.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-13704927 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"13704927\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c891829\" data-id=\"6c891829\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a404c6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6a404c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4a95ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4a95ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-89f8ab8\" data-id=\"89f8ab8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d02edb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d02edb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>V. Methods of Testing on PCB<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6c8b782 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6c8b782\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-edfa205\" data-id=\"edfa205\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e0aebec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e0aebec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-53496ab\" data-id=\"53496ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84c4126 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"84c4126\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Non-Destructive Testing<\/b><\/h4><h5 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Visual Inspection<\/b><\/h5><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div>It usually starts with <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">5 to 10 times <\/span>magnification by visual inspection with magnifiers, which is fast enough to scan the surface of a PCB for obvious defects. <strong>A microscope<\/strong> can also be used to make detailed checks <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">at 100 to 1000 times<\/span> magnification. Another one could be an automatic visual check that can rapidly and precisely complete the job, mainly for defects that are surface-based.<\/div><div>The next one is X-ray Detection. <strong>X-ray detection<\/strong> equipment sends X-rays through the PCB. This allows for looking at internal circuit connections, which is particularly valuable for <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">multi-layer PCBs<\/span> and for <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">finding problems in components<\/span> like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/ball-grid-array-guide-to-bga-packages\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">BGA<\/a> packages that cannot be seen from the surface.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><h5><strong>In-Circuit Testing<\/strong><\/h5><div>The test signals are applied by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/ict-test-in-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">ICT<\/a> systems to the PCB while measuring the resultant responses.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-67e2e78\" data-id=\"67e2e78\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01351e6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01351e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Destructive Testing<\/b><\/h4><h5 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Cross-section Analysis<\/b><\/h5><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">First, one part of the PCB is cut into very <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">thin slices<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">. Further, these slices are prepared for <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">microscopic examination<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">. With such processing, internal structures such as <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">layer structure and <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\">solder<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\"> joint quality <\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">may be observed and help in identifying hidden defects.<\/span><\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div>\u00a0<\/div><h5><strong>Tensile Testing of Solder Joints<\/strong><\/h5><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KYNmdRxpNolSTJxH1zEcocPNnYd\">The solder joints are subjected to<span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> tension in a <\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">tensile testing machine<\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> until they fail<\/span>. This can give some indication of the force <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">which may break the joint<\/span>; thus an indication of mechanical strength, important for assuring<span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> long-term reliability<\/span>.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd44d53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd44d53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-827ee8e\" data-id=\"827ee8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1b9873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c1b9873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0f2a52f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0f2a52f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a6141a\" data-id=\"6a6141a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb14593 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb14593\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>The Most Used PCB Lab Equipment<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a15a7c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a15a7c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d92468\" data-id=\"1d92468\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ede5436 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ede5436\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2540\" height=\"1515\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ATE-aoi-machine-1-scaled-e1739004827230.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-15447\" alt=\"elepcb aoi equipment\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ATE-aoi-machine-1-scaled-e1739004827230.jpg 2540w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ATE-aoi-machine-1-scaled-e1739004827230-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ATE-aoi-machine-1-scaled-e1739004827230-1024x611.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ATE-aoi-machine-1-scaled-e1739004827230-768x458.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ATE-aoi-machine-1-scaled-e1739004827230-1536x916.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ATE-aoi-machine-1-scaled-e1739004827230-2048x1222.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2540px) 100vw, 2540px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-951a8db elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"951a8db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"539\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/X-ray-e1716271307277.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4194\" alt=\"Automated X-ray Inspection (AXI)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/X-ray-e1716271307277.png 893w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/X-ray-e1716271307277-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/X-ray-e1716271307277-768x518.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1297f2b\" data-id=\"1297f2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e7df024 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e7df024\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Inspection and Testing Instruments<\/b><\/h3><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-SSKvd2ODPou9iOxoxmlc5TyHntg\"><div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-SSKvd2ODPou9iOxoxmlc5TyHntg\"><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JRRydl10LoNJTrxpid6cv2OLnQd\">The most <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">elementary measurements of voltage, current, and resistance<\/span> using <strong>multimeters<\/strong> give a very basic idea of circuit performance.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JRRydl10LoNJTrxpid6cv2OLnQd\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Znf0dpXIsogSvKxYYLpcB1zznJk\">The <strong>signal waveforms<\/strong> could be observed and analyzed with the oscilloscopes; however, that is really crucial in diagnosis timing problems as well as for ensuring <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/signal-integrity-in-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">signal integrity<\/a>.\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Znf0dpXIsogSvKxYYLpcB1zznJk\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Znf0dpXIsogSvKxYYLpcB1zznJk\"><strong>Logic analyzers<\/strong>, while important for diagnosis <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">digital circuit<\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> problems<\/span>, help one to have deep insight into logical states and transitions in complex systems.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Znf0dpXIsogSvKxYYLpcB1zznJk\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Th01dv2RkoBTzBxW1SycW38XnFg\">Such advanced tools in the form of an<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-x-ray-inspection\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\"> X-ray<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-aoi-inspection\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">AOI<\/a> allow minute flaws to be detected accurately, such as <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">solder<\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> voids, and misaligned components<\/span>.\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Th01dv2RkoBTzBxW1SycW38XnFg\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">Also, the <\/span><strong style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-thermal-management\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">thermal<\/a><\/strong><strong style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\"> imaging camera<\/strong><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> further complements the procedure by helping identify<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; color: #2ea121;\"> inefficiency or potential hotspot conditions<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-secondary-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\"> by highlighting the heat diffusion through the entire PCB.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3f6ff6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3f6ff6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-997487c\" data-id=\"997487c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-27e8350 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"27e8350\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-183bb03\" data-id=\"183bb03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5587fba elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5587fba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3><b>Environmental and Reliability Testing Tools<\/b><\/h3><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div style=\"text-align: left;\"><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div>Environmental rooms exhibit extreme environments, including <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">temperature, humidity, and corrosive environmental exposure<\/span>. <strong>Salt spray testers<\/strong> assess corrosion resistance, whereas vibration tables examine durability in conditions of mechanical stress.\u00a0<\/div><div><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div><div><strong>Burn-in racks<\/strong> accelerate aging to identify long-term performance characteristics.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9fe9024\" data-id=\"9fe9024\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63e9a16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"63e9a16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"611\" height=\"407\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/burintesting.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-7502\" alt=\"Burn in Testing\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/burintesting.jpg 611w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/burintesting-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 611px) 100vw, 611px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9f646a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9f646a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17e43b84\" data-id=\"17e43b84\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-743ff8d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"743ff8d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-691c0bf3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"691c0bf3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4e5dba40\" data-id=\"4e5dba40\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c9eecc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c9eecc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"SOfOdI4jXo5ucCxUQ3PcJolinPf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"SOfOdI4jXo5ucCxUQ3PcJolinPf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"XNJHdgFxFoniP3xRolGctGyKnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WoqudY6H3oUJagxroAxcxtQYnKe\">PCB laboratory plays a very key role in manufacturing and innovation processes of electronic products. As complexity in electronic design increases, it is only here that controlled laboratory environments <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">can test new materials for designs, check designs, and perfect manufacturing<\/span>. They are more like quality hubs that ensure technical specifications and compliance with environmental conditions.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WoqudY6H3oUJagxroAxcxtQYnKe\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-J9Utdnawaox1Kzx42GlcILbQnqd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">ELEPCB<\/a> has professional testing experience and complete set of production line and laboratory configuration, you can check our service <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-quality-control\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">quality<\/a> through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-manufacturing-process-and-services\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">PCB fabrication<\/a> page. <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Contact<\/a><\/strong><\/em><em><strong> ELEPCB for further information or just get a quote!<\/strong><\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-24bd5680 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"24bd5680\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a0f9bf9\" data-id=\"3a0f9bf9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-219a7d11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"219a7d11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"2056\" class=\"elementor elementor-2056\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6012901 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6012901\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afac9b2\" data-id=\"afac9b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b379375 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b379375\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15779\" alt=\"pcb and pcba products 1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8968fc1\" data-id=\"8968fc1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c3b5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c0c3b5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15819\" alt=\"contact us\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a17958a\" data-id=\"a17958a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4326577 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4326577\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15778\" alt=\"pcb and pcba products 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-scaled.jpg 1921w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3dd32bd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3dd32bd7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-30e73de5\" data-id=\"30e73de5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e6f562b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e6f562b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1aae434c\" data-id=\"1aae434c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7de62f23\" data-id=\"7de62f23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-225d5b79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"225d5b79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.125em; font-size: 32px; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; color: #0a1f34;\">CONTACT US<\/p><div class=\"textwidget\"><div id=\"wpcf7-f5-p60-o1\" class=\"wpcf7\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\" role=\"form\"><div class=\"screen-reader-response\" style=\"position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); border: 0px;\"><p style=\"font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.58em; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 25px 0px 15px; text-align: center; max-width: 846px;\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><\/div><form id=\"cf7-form-5\" class=\"wpcf7-form init cf7mls-no-scroll cf7mls-no-moving-animation\" style=\"position: relative; overflow: hidden;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.mclpcb.com\/capabilities\/#wpcf7-f5-p60-o1\" method=\"post\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\" data-fx-id=\"1587946425258918\"><div class=\"contact-inner\" style=\"max-width: 846px; margin: 0px auto;\"><p style=\"font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.58em; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 25px 0px 15px; text-align: center; max-width: 846px;\">We provide technical expertise form prototype through production, increasing speed to market by 20%.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Contact us below to start discussing your project with our Technical Experts today.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Whether you already have Gerber Files, submit a\u00a0Quick Quote\u00a0for free estimate.<\/p><\/div><\/form><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5782c747 elementor-button-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-form\" data-id=\"5782c747\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;step_next_label&quot;:&quot;Next&quot;,&quot;step_previous_label&quot;:&quot;Previous&quot;,&quot;button_width&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;step_type&quot;:&quot;number_text&quot;,&quot;step_icon_shape&quot;:&quot;circle&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"form.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form class=\"elementor-form\" method=\"post\" name=\"New Form\" aria-label=\"New Form\">\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"post_id\" value=\"2056\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"form_id\" value=\"5782c747\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"referer_title\" value=\"An Ultimate Guide to PCB Inspection Methods-ELE PCB\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"queried_id\" value=\"4187\"\/>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-form-fields-wrapper elementor-labels-above\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-text elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-name elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYour Name\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"text\" name=\"form_fields[name]\" id=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-email elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-message elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEmail Address\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"email\" name=\"form_fields[message]\" id=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-tel elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_373bda7 elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhone Number\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"tel\" name=\"form_fields[field_373bda7]\" id=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" pattern=\"[0-9()#&amp;+*-=.]+\" title=\"Csak a sz\u00e1mok \u00e9s telefonkarakterek (#, -, * stb.) fogadhat\u00f3k el.\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-checkbox elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_c168eb1 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI am interested in (select all that apply)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-subgroup  elementor-subgroup-inline\"><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\">Rigid PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\">Flexible Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Aluminum PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\">Flexible Aluminum PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible PCB Microcircuits\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\">Flexible PCB Microcircuits<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\">Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid-Flex\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\">Rigid-Flex<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\">Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\">Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Copper Core\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\">Copper Core<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"IC Substrates &amp; Interposer\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\">IC Substrates & Interposer<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"High TG PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\">High TG PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Heavy Copper\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\">Heavy Copper<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"PCB Assembly\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\">PCB Assembly<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Components Sourcing\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\">Components Sourcing<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Other\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\">Other<\/label><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-upload elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_2cea676 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUpload Your Files (Optional)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"file\" name=\"form_fields[field_2cea676]\" id=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-upload-field\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_9ceb2c8 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMessage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field  elementor-size-sm\" name=\"form_fields[field_9ceb2c8]\" id=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Submit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-123957a9\" data-id=\"123957a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents An equipped PCB laboratory is essential to design, analyze, test a printed circuit board and assure its reliability in terms of adherence to standard requirements of the industries. PCB lab also tends to minimize wastes by detecting faults during initial stages of production.So, how to build a professional PCB laboratory?\u00a0 And how [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":18396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[129],"class_list":["post-18391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pcb-knowledge","tag-pcb-manufacturing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18391"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18391\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18575,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18391\/revisions\/18575"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}