{"id":19683,"date":"2025-05-09T18:07:18","date_gmt":"2025-05-09T10:07:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/?p=19683"},"modified":"2025-05-09T18:07:18","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T10:07:18","slug":"bow-and-twist-of-pcb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/blog\/bow-and-twist-of-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"A PCB-k \u00edve \u00e9s csavar\u00e1sa: Megold\u00e1sok: Teljes elemz\u00e9s \u00e9s megold\u00e1sok"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"19683\" class=\"elementor elementor-19683\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59efb455 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59efb455\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31117e29\" data-id=\"31117e29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34edcfc0 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"34edcfc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-791d4b63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"791d4b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0It is critical to maintain <b>PCB flatness<\/b> for component placement, soldering and long-term reliability. Bow and twist are two common types of PCB warpage phenomena that may appear during processing, storage, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-assembly-process-and-services\/\">assembly<\/a>. In this article,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ELE PCB<\/a><b>\u00a0<\/b>explains what bow and twist are, how they\u2019re defined in manufacturing standards, and how to get flat and reliable PCBs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6598f962 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6598f962\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18217549\" data-id=\"18217549\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19ef04a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"19ef04a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b53cd9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b53cd9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71908f17\" data-id=\"71908f17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4fa2ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a4fa2ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>What is Bow and Twist in PCBs?<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7d6279 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a7d6279\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e05198\" data-id=\"5e05198\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd46cdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd46cdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnf7BuZvPWHUC0bspgdU84Xe\"><strong>Bow<\/strong> is the term for an even curve from one end of the board to the other. So, it\u2019s the board in a mild arc, forming a shallow \u201cU\u201d shape.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGfXQF7Incu0rwOsjH5QEJb\"><strong>Twist<\/strong> is a twist of the corners of the board so they are no longer in the same plane and the board has a corkscrew shape.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsOT4VjVKu3Tl6m2oP59BPg\">Both defects are categorized as warpage <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-failure-and-common-issues\/\">problems<\/a> concerning PCB flatness and may lead to a wrong component position, an open solder joint or even a short circuit.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a33bac1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a33bac1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d1303b\" data-id=\"9d1303b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd39e58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd39e58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Why is Controlling <\/strong><strong>PCB<\/strong><strong> Warpage Important?<\/strong><span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ce1d8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ce1d8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-337ad53\" data-id=\"337ad53\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7119a12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7119a12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnq4WSh7SYWdldQbV1XzwI6e\">Significant bowing or twisting in the shape of printed circuit boards causes a number of problems during\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-manufacturing-process-and-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manufacture<\/a>, assembly and performance of the board:<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnllYRhEZWAoYWqY1DmR3Tng\"><strong>Affect assembly efficiency<\/strong>: Substandard PCB flatness can hinder the positioning of smaller surface mount components and prevent component leads from fitting properly in plated through holes, which will directly increase assembly errors and lower manufacturing yield.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnlL8d04S5CEfdfjX2M8Ad3b\"><strong>Reducing reliability<\/strong>: Not only warpage causes immediate assembly problems, it also affects the reliability and performance of the PCB over time. Continued stress and misalignment can lead to gradual failure, resulting in degraded performance and early product failure.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnJuCLdXAeZmSIR4jWoUiXhf\"><strong>Risk of damage during assembly<\/strong>: Incorrect mounting may lead to component damage or misalignment of parts, further affecting the overall quality of the board.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsBd1bh8pgNPefdFwQm7dAb\"><strong>Electrical Exposure Problems<\/strong>: PCB bowing and twisting can also cause electrical contact problems such as broken <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-via-a-complete-guide\/\">vias<\/a> or poor solder joints.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b8e99c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b8e99c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1e5321\" data-id=\"c1e5321\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1350e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b1350e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"772\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PCB-warpage.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19759\" alt=\"PCB warpage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PCB-warpage.png 772w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PCB-warpage-300x121.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PCB-warpage-768x310.png 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PCB-warpage-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 772px) 100vw, 772px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e71c1c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e71c1c6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b06ef94\" data-id=\"b06ef94\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de63243 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"de63243\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>The Acceptable Limit of <\/strong><strong>PCB<\/strong><strong> Warpage<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f3cba2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f3cba2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a5c9531\" data-id=\"a5c9531\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc153aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc153aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4xmaU5vVMQvAwJULZketje\">Since bow and twist are mostly inevitable in PCB manufacturing, controlling them within acceptable limits should be the goal rather than striving to totally eradicate them.The industry follows IPC-A-600 or IPC-6012 to define the acceptable levels of bow and twist tolerance in PCBs.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcnrdNBiFSUBR9yByXvLycykb\"><strong>IPC-A-600: <\/strong>Allows for up to 0.75% SMT board warpage and 1.5% <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/what-is-through-hole-pcb\/\">Through-Hole<\/a> and Mixed MTEG.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWU2zZEiXIgBpV1yuVJ9Noe\"><strong>IPC-6012: <\/strong>Specifies the requirement of qualification and performance. Establishes limits of flatness for final boards.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMqEcLyDnfPkTbqJcuBmodv\">The detailed standards and formula to calculate the warpage are below:<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93758f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93758f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table><colgroup> <col width=\"191\" \/> <col width=\"191\" \/> <col width=\"191\" \/> <col width=\"191\" \/> <col width=\"191\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-width: 0.5pt; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-width: 0.5pt; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\">Bow<\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-width: 0.5pt; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\">Twist<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td><b>Limit percentage<\/b><\/td><td><b>Calculation formula<\/b><\/td><td><b>Limit percentage<\/b><\/td><td><b>Calculation formula<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Circuit Board (without SMD parts)<\/b><\/td><td data-sheet-value=\"0.015\" data-auto-formatter=\"0.00%\">1.50%<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><p>Longer Side:<br \/>RL = L x B \/ 100<\/p><p>Shorter Side:<br \/>RW = W x B \/ 100<\/p><p>L = Board Length<br \/>W = Board Width<br \/>B = % Bow Limit<\/p><p>RL &amp; RW = Go\/No-Go feeler\/pin gauge size for PCB length &amp; width respectively<\/p><\/td><td data-sheet-value=\"0.015\" data-auto-formatter=\"0.00%\">1.50%<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\"><p>R = 2 (D)(T)\/100<\/p><p>D = Diagonal MeasurementT = % Twist LimitR = Go\/No-Go feeler\/pin gauge size<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>Circuit Board (with SMD parts)<\/b><\/td><td data-sheet-value=\"0.0075\" data-auto-formatter=\"0.00%\">0.75%<\/td><td data-sheet-value=\"0.0075\" data-auto-formatter=\"0.00%\">0.75%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-131d98f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"131d98f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2646c7d\" data-id=\"2646c7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9e8d604 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9e8d604\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-43bada1\" data-id=\"43bada1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5a662d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e5a662d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"303\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/calculate-bow-1024x388.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19748\" alt=\"calculate-bow\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/calculate-bow-1024x388.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/calculate-bow-300x114.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/calculate-bow-768x291.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/calculate-bow-18x7.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/calculate-bow.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">How to Calculate PCB Bow<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-354fb17\" data-id=\"354fb17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84e0c41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"84e0c41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/calculate-twist-1024x407.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19749\" alt=\"how to calculate PCB twist\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/calculate-twist-1024x407.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/calculate-twist-300x119.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/calculate-twist-768x306.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/calculate-twist-18x7.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/calculate-twist.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">How to Calculate PCB Twist<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1fd60e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1fd60e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d370c0b\" data-id=\"d370c0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f131cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5f131cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8b649c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8b649c2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ac8a3d\" data-id=\"0ac8a3d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb69ceb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb69ceb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>What Causes PCB Bow and Twist?<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-860c7ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"860c7ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn3AiIrHhQTycqlJpLBzDxuf\">Identifying the root cause of warpage is critical to ensuring the successful production of high-quality PCBs. The common causes of bowing and twisting are as follows:<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-86ddbbc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"86ddbbc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-173660d\" data-id=\"173660d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4d6e15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f4d6e15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OGxjd8yawo3mmxxIHeFc0V6lnfg\"><strong>Material Imbalance (Unequal Copper or Dielectric Layers): <\/strong>An optimal PCB design has IO power distribution over copper and dielectric thickness. If one side of the board is heavily copper-weighted, or has thicker dielectric layers, it introduces <strong>uneven mechanical stress<\/strong> during thermal cycling.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0399e1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0399e1c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a477788\" data-id=\"a477788\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c36f95b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c36f95b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Imbalanced Panel <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-layout-design-process-and-guidelines\/\">Layout<\/a>:\u00a0<\/strong>In case heavy parts or copper traces are not uniformly distributed over the PCB layout, this results in local weight and heat unbalancing. This may distort the board during soldering. Also, non-regular panelization and cutouts can generate stress at a specific point, which may cause twist or bow effect.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-552879a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"552879a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc5c58d\" data-id=\"dc5c58d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a48e372 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a48e372\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnHOwO4dvJPLHsPc4GYpiSAb\"><strong>Uneven Cooling from the Lamination or Soldering: <\/strong>The PCB stack-up may involve materials with varying coefficients of <strong>thermal expansion<\/strong><strong> (CTE). <\/strong>In PCB manufacturing, several layers are combined to form an integral system by pressing together using heat and pressure (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/pcb-laminate-material-process\/\">laminating<\/a>). If one side cools more quickly than the other, the difference in temperature creates stresses that can cause the board to warp or twist.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9176262 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9176262\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a1959a\" data-id=\"6a1959a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9c70f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9c70f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQxzSnDfI3Cjo1rEhJ5LqPg\"><strong>Water Adsorption in Storage: <\/strong>PCBs use materials such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/what-is-fr-4-material-in-pcb-fabrication\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FR4<\/a>\u00a0that can absorb moisture. If the critical temperatures are exceeded, the layers generate steam (by evaporation of the entrained water) and pressure, there\u2019s a popcorn explosion within the layers. If the board is still subjected to high heat (such as reflow), it can cause delamination, warping and even cracking.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5697889 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5697889\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb4c30c\" data-id=\"eb4c30c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33bc7d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33bc7d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnLkjE2mTnbbz8KkajghEeRe\"><strong>Inadequate Handling Pressure: <\/strong>Careless processing such as stacking without support, flexing during inspection, or storing them by standing them on end can cause permanent deformation. Even relatively weak forces sustained over a length of time (such as the weight of stacked units without flat support) can introduce micro-bending, which, in turn, is developed into macro-bow or twist during thermal processing.<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-782114c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"782114c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f8f1d82\" data-id=\"f8f1d82\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09f4532 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"09f4532\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-78bf402 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"78bf402\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ed3b8e\" data-id=\"3ed3b8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cdca59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8cdca59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><div><h1><strong>How to Get Flat and Reliable PCBs?<\/strong><span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f52155 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f52155\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcndjPlsl7XOjtSOmMZjHzFhh\">The requirements for PCB warpage\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-quality-control\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">control<\/a>\u00a0have become increasingly stringent with the trend of<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/smt-pcb-service\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SMT<\/a>\u00a0and chip mounting. How can we keep the flatness of PCBs to ensure its quality?<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-67cf126 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"67cf126\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-652c0ff\" data-id=\"652c0ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cca1aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3cca1aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Ways to Minimize Bow and Twist<\/strong><span><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-84bfe56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"84bfe56\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29a0af2\" data-id=\"29a0af2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ed8f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"23ed8f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"772\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ways-to-minimize-PCB-bow-and-twist.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19760\" alt=\"ways to minimize PCB bow and twist\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ways-to-minimize-PCB-bow-and-twist.png 772w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ways-to-minimize-PCB-bow-and-twist-300x121.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ways-to-minimize-PCB-bow-and-twist-768x310.png 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ways-to-minimize-PCB-bow-and-twist-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 772px) 100vw, 772px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aaeb519 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aaeb519\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Design Process<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Maintaining the PCB layout&#8217;s symmetry helps in distributing the manufacturing process&#8217;s thermal stresses. The methods involve:<\/span><\/p><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UymddUinbowZUUxdlwccM9tdntc\"><strong style=\"background-color: transparent;\">Balancing the copper pattern and circuit area of each layer of the board.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div><div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-L5QudfW7voWozixI8J4cqbL4nEf\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Make sure the copper (distribution layer) and the dielectric layers are symmetric. Avoid using very high copper layers on one side. Designers must also manage thermal distribution, assembly dispersion, and component layout to reduce warpage. For stress relief, allow routing clearances and processing locator holes.<\/div><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-L5QudfW7voWozixI8J4cqbL4nEf\"><strong style=\"background-color: transparent;\">Ensuring boards of layers are products of the same company.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BpEZddYhlocba8x0IZhcTLcCnUc\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The boards of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/multilayer-pcb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">multiple-layer PCB<\/a>\u00a0should have the same specifications to keep the quality. If the thickness of boards is different, they&#8217;re easy to get out during the lamination.<\/div><ul><li><strong>Using balanced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/4-layer-pcb-stack-up\/\">stack-up<\/a> designs.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-X9p7dO3Jjo5PFjxDMzfcnzsJnxd\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The PCB manufacturer must select the most durable prepregs and core, and the buildup must be 100% symmetric, in order to obtain increased stability. ELE PCB provides professional PCB design service and our experienced experts will ensure the layouts\u2019 practicability.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfad9fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cfad9fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"341\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/wrong-stackup.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19761\" alt=\"wrong stackup\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/wrong-stackup.png 341w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/wrong-stackup-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/wrong-stackup-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6561dee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6561dee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnto4N4grgJR53B15N4UP9Bb\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Manufacturing process<\/strong><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BzSBdvXpLoxT4Cx6eI4cjAWwnrb\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Select Proper Materials<\/strong><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-B9VhdOwzjoyTR9x354Tc7GQonAe\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Choose laminates with similar CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/high-tg-pcb\/\">high Tg<\/a> to sustain thermal stress.<\/div><ul><li><strong>Pre-bake Boards When Needed<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-LWgydGb7goOxvlxrOefcj7iWnhe\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">For moisture-sensitive boards, pre-baking (chamber) at <strong>120\u2013150\u00b0C<\/strong> can dry the board, reducing the risk of deformation in<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-reflow-soldering\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> reflow<\/a>.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Jgdad5OIUoRCyMxCoKPcpfsknpg\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Heating and Cooling<\/strong> <strong>Control<\/strong><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DxHidoaw0ocv3OxD38TcqHZFnAe\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Make sure heating and cooling ramps stay within material limits. Apply steady heat and pressure during the pressing process and cooling must be uniform to avoid tension.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4fa75d76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4fa75d76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5db9af55\" data-id=\"5db9af55\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-930329a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"930329a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnB5CgNkbBvX4FKceBcYb05e\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Storage Process<\/strong><\/span><\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O4LadrLeeowOk7xrKWLcBQMLnkh\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Maintain Proper <\/strong><strong>PCB<\/strong><strong> Storage<\/strong><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VsJddF5cUo7eiHxNsZrck6ycnAe\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Store PCBs in suitable temperature conditions. Store them in flat trays (no leaning), keep undercover and enclosed (dry), and do not leave them where they can absorb moisture.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-143f908 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"143f908\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b93070\" data-id=\"6b93070\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f36bc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7f36bc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Methods of Fixing Bow and Twist<\/strong><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aaebd15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"aaebd15\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-92b2fe8\" data-id=\"92b2fe8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0217b3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0217b3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnb2NJsl4dDOhMLAO3TpHpYc\">If the PCBs are warped, it&#8217;s better to find the resons and try to aviod these actions in the next time. However, if the value of the board is high, there are several methods below for reference:<\/div><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcnU4IfDRJromFtiHctXbnF3g\"><strong>Re-bake and Flatten<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEWR8xQNxrjLwYS2e0Z4cVe\">Put the twisted-up PCB between two flat pieces of metal or in a press and bake at a modest temperature. This may release internal stresses and bring the material back into flatness.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6sRwnRbZbMuCi6YREz9KCd\"><strong>Prototype Flattening by Hand<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnetymUb4T73TrpxHVYBhN51\">If it\u2019s less critical (or a prototype), you can use a heat gun and clamps to carefully flatten the board. Not recommended for production systems.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaE1mgYouez6gPo33wOqJoh\"><strong>Mechanical Pressing with Heat<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOP9JAnffsEzjGygSnMVv3c\">Warpage can be corrected at industrial PCB repair facilities using heated pressing systems. This technique needs strict supervision to avoid delamination.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcnG4dlF4Qj2dsvf45Go8JaGb\"><strong>Solder<\/strong><strong> Paste Adjustment<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnx5zn8Yv0DtGU42PwrTB6rd\">In the case where the warpage is minor, employing the adjustable thickness of the stencil or the volume of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/soldering-defects\/\">solder<\/a> paste makes it possible to level the difference in height and complete mounting.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-15d990eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"15d990eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-168cd526\" data-id=\"168cd526\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c076304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c076304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-591f967c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"591f967c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58da423b\" data-id=\"58da423b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a9eaadc elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a9eaadc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SOfOdI4jXo5ucCxUQ3PcJolinPf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SOfOdI4jXo5ucCxUQ3PcJolinPf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Loc9dYMHvoOXgIxz8ehcTzDpndb\">\n<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn60QbzumkKPgdwaDIojjOrf\">PCB bow and twist can cause serious alignment and operational challenges during the production of PCB. The origins and appropriate corrective measures during design, manufacturing, and storage can be greatly minimized.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqZOEO3ExnI9nGnK4ZvGYbe\">Utilizing<strong> high-precision processes and reliable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/substrate-like-pcb\/\">substrates<\/a><\/strong>, in combination with strict temperature control systems and multi-layer lamination technology, ELE PCB ensures<strong> full-process PCB warpage detection<\/strong> for industry-leading flatness. Our ultra-low deformation rate guarantees product reliability and facilitates your design of electronic projects.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqZOEO3ExnI9nGnK4ZvGYbe\">&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\">Contact us<\/a><b><i>&nbsp;to get your high-quality PCBs!<\/i><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-af5989c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"af5989c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a579c0c\" data-id=\"2a579c0c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b1f2da9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5b1f2da9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2111e52e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2111e52e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-668b01c0\" data-id=\"668b01c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37342720 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37342720\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>FAQs<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a9a7f61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a9a7f61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-707e06fe\" data-id=\"707e06fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1edded77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"1edded77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5171\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5171\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q1: How can PCB warpage be measured?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5171\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5171\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Gx3Sd5soxoboFqx3TnbcyXIYnZc\"><p>A1:<\/p><div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RBBtdB7NSo7AhXxcyoXcZ17gnEf\">The three-point method, shadow moir\u00e9 method, and laser scanning are commonly used techniques to measure PCB warpage.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5172\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5172\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q2: Can the bow or twist cause component misalignment during AOI inspection?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5172\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5172\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M9qsd9CqzowDS2x2lqOcn1e8nEg\">A2:<\/div><div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcniaDG9qrf773Lm6cGJy0d7b\">Yes. Twisted boards lead to part placement being out during pick-and-place. SMT machines require a level surface; if it gets warped, parts will be out of place and you\u2019ll end up with poor solder joints. It can be fixed with:<\/div><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcngy8ansEE9EKsgrMN3Nn1db\">Flat surface and feeler gauges to test for warpage.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcnm6o4fc4L78CRe0U5AcInhc\">The boards can be pre-baked and re-pressed flat.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5173\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5173\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q3: Can moisture absorption cause PCB warping if boards are stored on open shelves?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5173\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5173\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M9qsd9CqzowDS2x2lqOcn1e8nEg\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KbOmdCjUlo25IgxqaLNcVo7pn7b\">A3:<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XVuodb0RQoF3amxh9ijct7m5nRd\">Absolutely. FR4 and other laminates can absorb moisture. Moisture turns to steam during reflow, which generates internal pressure and can also deform the parts.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5174\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5174\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q4: Can we reduce warpage by using thicker PCBs?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5174\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5174\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M9qsd9CqzowDS2x2lqOcn1e8nEg\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KbOmdCjUlo25IgxqaLNcVo7pn7b\">A4:<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XVuodb0RQoF3amxh9ijct7m5nRd\"><p>Yes. Thicker boards (e.g. 2.0 mm vs. 1.6 mm) are stiffer and less prone to warping. But that increases cost, and impedance or weight can be an issue. Only use it if:<\/p><div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMBdxLgSbmKoOuHDHOXA9Eh\">Your app requires it (e.g. power boards).<\/div><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcnTxXY7a7x06fEFuiiWK0mPc\">You can&#8217;t just rework the appearance of stack-up symmetry.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72b68d12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72b68d12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46a34694\" data-id=\"46a34694\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-651c3920 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"651c3920\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"2056\" class=\"elementor elementor-2056\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6012901 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6012901\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afac9b2\" data-id=\"afac9b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b379375 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b379375\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15779\" alt=\"pcb and pcba products 1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8968fc1\" data-id=\"8968fc1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c3b5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c0c3b5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15819\" alt=\"contact us\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a17958a\" data-id=\"a17958a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4326577 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4326577\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15778\" alt=\"pcb and pcba products 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-scaled.jpg 1921w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3dd32bd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3dd32bd7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-30e73de5\" data-id=\"30e73de5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e6f562b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e6f562b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1aae434c\" data-id=\"1aae434c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7de62f23\" data-id=\"7de62f23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-225d5b79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"225d5b79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.125em; font-size: 32px; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; color: #0a1f34;\">CONTACT US<\/p><div class=\"textwidget\"><div id=\"wpcf7-f5-p60-o1\" class=\"wpcf7\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\" role=\"form\"><div class=\"screen-reader-response\" 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production, increasing speed to market by 20%.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Contact us below to start discussing your project with our Technical Experts today.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Whether you already have Gerber Files, submit a\u00a0Quick Quote\u00a0for free estimate.<\/p><\/div><\/form><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5782c747 elementor-button-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-form\" data-id=\"5782c747\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;step_next_label&quot;:&quot;Next&quot;,&quot;step_previous_label&quot;:&quot;Previous&quot;,&quot;button_width&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;step_type&quot;:&quot;number_text&quot;,&quot;step_icon_shape&quot;:&quot;circle&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"form.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form class=\"elementor-form\" method=\"post\" name=\"New Form\" aria-label=\"New Form\">\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"post_id\" value=\"2056\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"form_id\" value=\"5782c747\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"referer_title\" value=\"An Ultimate Guide to PCB Inspection Methods-ELE PCB\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"queried_id\" value=\"4187\"\/>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-form-fields-wrapper elementor-labels-above\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-text elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-name elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYour Name\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"text\" name=\"form_fields[name]\" id=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-email elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-message elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEmail Address\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"email\" name=\"form_fields[message]\" id=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-tel elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_373bda7 elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhone Number\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"tel\" name=\"form_fields[field_373bda7]\" id=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" pattern=\"[0-9()#&amp;+*-=.]+\" title=\"Csak a sz\u00e1mok \u00e9s telefonkarakterek (#, -, * stb.) fogadhat\u00f3k el.\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-checkbox elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_c168eb1 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI am interested in (select all that apply)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-subgroup  elementor-subgroup-inline\"><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\">Rigid PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\">Flexible Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Aluminum PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\">Flexible Aluminum PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible PCB Microcircuits\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\">Flexible PCB Microcircuits<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\">Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid-Flex\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\">Rigid-Flex<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\">Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\">Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Copper Core\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\">Copper Core<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"IC Substrates &amp; Interposer\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\">IC Substrates & Interposer<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"High TG PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\">High TG PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Heavy Copper\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\">Heavy Copper<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"PCB Assembly\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\">PCB Assembly<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Components Sourcing\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\">Components Sourcing<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Other\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\">Other<\/label><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-upload elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_2cea676 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUpload Your Files (Optional)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"file\" name=\"form_fields[field_2cea676]\" id=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-upload-field\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_9ceb2c8 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMessage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field  elementor-size-sm\" name=\"form_fields[field_9ceb2c8]\" id=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Submit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-123957a9\" data-id=\"123957a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents \u00a0It is critical to maintain PCB flatness for component placement, soldering and long-term reliability. Bow and twist are two common types of PCB warpage phenomena that may appear during processing, storage, or assembly. In this article,\u00a0ELE PCB\u00a0explains what bow and twist are, how they\u2019re defined in manufacturing standards, and how to get [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":19759,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19683"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19780,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19683\/revisions\/19780"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19759"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}