{"id":20578,"date":"2025-07-02T09:11:15","date_gmt":"2025-07-02T01:11:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/?p=20578"},"modified":"2025-07-02T09:11:17","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T01:11:17","slug":"integrated-circuit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/blog\/integrated-circuit\/","title":{"rendered":"Integr\u00e1lt \u00e1ramk\u00f6ri \u00fatmutat\u00f3: PCB optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s: T\u00edpusok, funkci\u00f3k \u00e9s PCB optimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"20578\" class=\"elementor elementor-20578\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59efb455 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59efb455\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31117e29\" data-id=\"31117e29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34edcfc0 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"34edcfc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Aprire l&#039;indice dei contenuti\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Chiudere l&#039;indice\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-791d4b63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"791d4b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"DZAsdetJroFkxcxeVQjcyfnNnDg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WwFNdDCmBoUbWwxB3eUcTPRvny0\"><div data-page-id=\"V9bCdJ9ZWoATVLx2UU9c6USUn1g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnfXWVzxG6R7ols2vQbd9nXd\"><div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-Ei5wdYFmvoQdbrxZrHEcZO5Ln5Z\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEoWS1UfxI1pvS7Es9A7nec\"><div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PrdQd5DhWoas7Cx5w4bcrEZTniZ\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UGyTdEZFvoWnYDxbHCXcAkoknKe\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-P0KSd7s7zoWOFLxQd0GccuTlnog\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RDLpdd3qnoYoYdxtkmncJqkCnTg\"><strong>Integrated Circuits<\/strong> (also referred to as ICs, or Microchips) have long been critical to enabling simple, compact, and efficient circuits from complex designs. They are the <span style=\"color: #008000;\">small brains that run most electronics<\/span>, from computers and smartphones to home appliances and cars.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RDLpdd3qnoYoYdxtkmncJqkCnTg\">Engineers use ICs to replace bulky circuits with miniaturized <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-components-sourcing\/\">electronic components<\/a>, leading to <span style=\"color: #008000;\">faster, smaller, and less expensive devices<\/span>. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of ICs can help you optimize design and enhance PCB performance; now let\u2019s dive in!<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b53cd9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b53cd9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71908f17\" data-id=\"71908f17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f19646 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8f19646\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccf1248 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ccf1248\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-diagram-1024x431.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20583\" alt=\"ic diagram\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-diagram-1024x431.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-diagram-300x126.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-diagram-768x323.png 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-diagram-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-diagram.png 1157w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">IC diagram<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5c408d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c5c408d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4fa2ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a4fa2ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>What is an Integrated Circuit?<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffede7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ffede7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnfgdjgkbaS5v6erFHv3EQWg\">An integrated Circuit (IC) is made up of <strong>a semiconductor wafer with many electronic circuits embedded on it.<\/strong> These are the chips that process, remember, control, and communicate in all of today\u2019s electronics. They are also <span style=\"color: #008000;\">capable of memory, calculation, and amplification.<\/span><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6bf150 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e6bf150\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-41f59fae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"41f59fae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e5feec7\" data-id=\"1e5feec7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2fb22784 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2fb22784\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1a5b4e85\" data-id=\"1a5b4e85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a02d48f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a02d48f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwz0xnppt4Lmolw6Aufw2Nd\"><div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AnfwdG2yZokh0HxsC99cSLqPn4X\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NWo4dM43OomrUUxPebecPlV0nob\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnpeZXzSW3jTjzzMLh1MojDd\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Applications of ICs<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWRZtWTGDtnb37vH4hXzXRe\">Integrated circuits are widely applied in:<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSDQYO5APUrVASG2aJvLlRh\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/mobile-pcb-board\/\">Smartphones<\/a>, laptops, and TVs.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnkUmq0QLivjfMGgtfU6rtOf\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Cars (engine control units, multimedia systems).<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuYW1bAC6p9V1EAxByd2AMh\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/smart-home-pcb\/\">Smart home<\/a> devices.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnipU9JB6VyfGM3tTkHAu1Ay\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/medical-pcb-manufacturing\/\">Medical<\/a> monitoring tools.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0peTEeMuZVlBPC3qkQKRgd\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Sensors used in machines and factories.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-19b06d75\" data-id=\"19b06d75\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e5f1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e5f1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwz0xnppt4Lmolw6Aufw2Nd\"><div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AnfwdG2yZokh0HxsC99cSLqPn4X\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NWo4dM43OomrUUxPebecPlV0nob\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnpeZXzSW3jTjzzMLh1MojDd\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-QRmCdwIHboiiSmxV4TocfFcynVe\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnBBOmaPAfxDnUYc4KAaiFMd\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong><em>Typical Examples of IC Chips\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnfqxBLVD5xPFhaor58H1adb\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>555 Timer IC: <\/strong>One of the most popular ICs for timing purposes.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneB72eS0EllGGVcbek7i9nh\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>ATmega328: <\/strong>It is the most commonly used in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/how-does-an-arduino-board-work-how-to-design-your-own-arduino-pcb\/\">Arduino board<\/a>.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcntXmL5OFylHqWiMg1D9QfQb\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Intel Core i7:<\/strong> For use in home computers.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnvl0YbVg16p50nEFpY16Xog\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>SN7400 series:<\/strong> Includes the basic building block for all modern digital computing systems.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a04f0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a04f0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-533fafa\" data-id=\"533fafa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fd765f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5fd765f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d988bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d988bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Types of ICs<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d930ea9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d930ea9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnVHlpO5xFRkGhbpX83lEy0d\"><div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcncr16mfaQMEYZBErhfXOtPf\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NdVmd9G0qouxSpxrgOScRxTnnmc\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4JirqpZ1ogdD6CYisFRxoh\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqD6UkXtuEJjekQjowuE8fh\">Integrated circuits are categorized according to their functions and uses. The most common types are below:<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e2bbc6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e2bbc6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-81fc9ee\" data-id=\"81fc9ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6668631 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6668631\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d621a33\" data-id=\"d621a33\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2444e44 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2444e44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIBBOtfWMG3vVfi3Pmf5hng\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>Microcontrollers (MCUs)<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnLB6puiAfqBefwiYKSumVhb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/pcb-microcontroller-projects-in-pcb-design\/\">Microcontrollers<\/a> are small computers that are placed onto a single chip and <span style=\"color: #008000;\">contain a CPU, RAM, ROM<\/span> (or flash), and various I\/O peripherals. They are intended to control electronic devices and processes.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnrypflvx0QOPKmJKQBDLgre\"><strong>Examples:<\/strong> ATmega328P (found in Arduino Uno), STM32 series.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9ae408f\" data-id=\"9ae408f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7e0c65 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7e0c65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4n4d8zQDZ8BJwo43OJH8kj\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>Analog ICs (Linear ICs)<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcniK6FowKPeaWCGxtzF6W3hh\">Analog ICs work with <span style=\"color: #008000;\">continuous signals<\/span>, which means they process varying voltages instead of fixed binary values.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnyEBQIBydH2FYYVJ52VPujf\"><strong>Applications<\/strong>: signal amplification, filtering<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnvN3v4Si0erV6JO88oMl9dg\"><strong>Examples:<\/strong> LM741 (operational <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/amplifier-pcb-design\/\">amplifier<\/a>), LM317 (voltage regulator)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-696c2126 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"696c2126\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d0325dc\" data-id=\"7d0325dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-310dda70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"310dda70\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3376834\" data-id=\"3376834\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10b4c8e1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10b4c8e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnw29Gd5AEEIhsSbKOL7wISb\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>Mixed-Signal <\/strong><strong>ICs<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn90ngfu10PKnOZ7KPdEYmff\">This type is a chip containing both<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/analog-vs-digital-circuits\/\"> analog and digital circuits.<\/a> It means that it can handle both the real-world analog signals like temperature, voltage, and digital signals like calculations.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnXr1W6RGOvm0ZLiDKiqPlcb\"><strong>Functions:<\/strong><\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnvRQ3J2Otc7VpgLP1sdpK8Q\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC).<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnVNwYb5ALhYxbkqA00gPO0e\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs)<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnDeEv7CZnb3FtgwfF1rCfkd\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs).<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcncWE1e37SgOecdqtlRhNO2d\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Sensor interfaces.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnRQr0NGVKClVSE3YUTzxwxg\"><strong>Example: <\/strong>MCP3008 (ADC), PCM5102 (DAC).<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-608ef72e\" data-id=\"608ef72e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32de4475 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32de4475\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSsSlRza4aPmxn5NKJTni9c\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>Digital <\/strong><strong>ICs<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYBtlsKMgIT98b9UF2WRL9f\">These ICs, consisting of <span style=\"color: #008000;\">logic gates<\/span>, deal with binary and are the foundation of almost all computing and logic systems.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmaXPCeIe13Up4VodG6ZqWc\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Applications<\/span><\/strong>: arithmetic, logic, timing, and storing information<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnza5QzHo9bLDwaaBFu9O47f\"><strong>Subtypes:<\/strong><\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcntGpJycsWwla2W7IDtzndfe\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Logic Gates (AND, OR, NOT).<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnVFy3G4Yoo7lWuFeQfK0RWc\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Flip-Flops.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnTtNbBqDlJHLiRFsnyrGSee\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Counters.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaYUGDgQGZaxUoAcRWdOhvf\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Microprocessors.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIDWEenYbLIfq3WKGJtyjKg\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Memory ICs (RAM, ROM, Flash).<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnR8Sq1hcHYIFH8uZHaJ44og\"><strong>Example:<\/strong> Intel 8085.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55c742f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"55c742f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2731219\" data-id=\"2731219\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-becf919 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"becf919\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f3d5aad\" data-id=\"f3d5aad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b462b2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b462b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnK58htkNPS5DlKDWghtiyqg\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>Power ICs<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUkaaK3i6cMqkMvWzuITIYf\">Power ICs control electricity in electronic devices. They <span style=\"color: #008000;\">handle voltage level translation, circuit protection, and power management.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4WkgLtrX14Rq84K6Vnd4Lb\"><strong>Types<\/strong>:<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzDGeLO27fxjhtcHUjYvxPg\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Voltage regulators.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcniUuPC1x1HbBKg8Rt3TPzSh\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Battery management ICs.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngIhfHXyqsUu37AsmLYaQCc\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>DC-DC converters.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcntyhCweI3R8Ramemh7TTxlb\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Motor drivers.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnY7ORLTjuWRH52QSZlKsTRc\"><strong>Examples:<\/strong> LM2940, L298N.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b9faff\" data-id=\"9b9faff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22dad18 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22dad18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcn1NsT5d7jcMqumH4T4zbvfe\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>ASICs<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngljA45d0N0hjHDI8RcWZrg\">ASICs are ICs that have been <span style=\"color: #008000;\">designed to perform a specific function or to achieve a specific product.<\/span> Unlike general-purpose integrated circuits, they are made to optimize performance, reduce size, or enhance efficiency for a particular need.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnthJen6l6yKeowmDNA96Q8d\"><strong>Benefits:<\/strong><\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnnIRkPuJrciF9tqloBSE9Vg\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Highly optimized for space, speed, and power.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4UDq57tWIyz7vMcKovf4Ce\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Security and IP protection.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnfKRftykeHaqGGQVB3yVV2d\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/low-cost-pcb-assembly\/\">Lower cost<\/a> per unit at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/a-complete-guide-to-high-volume-pcb-assembly\/\">high volumes<\/a>.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn48BmpmPwVNxCRxPyAx9rgc\"><strong>Examples: <\/strong>Apple A-series chips (SoC).<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-83493a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"83493a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5692a0b\" data-id=\"5692a0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25648fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"25648fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/integrated-chips.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20582\" alt=\"integrated chips\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/integrated-chips.jpg 855w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/integrated-chips-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/integrated-chips-768x550.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/integrated-chips-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1fd60e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1fd60e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d370c0b\" data-id=\"d370c0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a91624 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3a91624\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09b83d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"09b83d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Composition of Integrated Chips<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4113ee1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4113ee1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnrOqVcmfGnibqT7TN2jPYlc\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JOsRdEQp4oIoFTxVGRbcsG0pn4d\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSv073IkzjTEp9PD6nkymng\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOq8vVOMjEwwknwPTkesZE0\">Key compositions of IC chips are:<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcniHhw0kUnR0GK2jPnwW1kJc\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Material<\/strong>: ICs use <span style=\"color: #008000;\">semiconductor material<\/span> (e.g., silicon). Complex layers are deposited, patterned, and processed to form circuits.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnChGPqKVkusxYLyqFdHTJ54\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Transistors<\/strong>: Act as switches\/amplifiers. Billions integrated per chip enable <span style=\"color: #008000;\">fast processing and logic\/memory\/I\/O functions.<\/span><\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnX3pmzeHvuk5NRsrd1h1iOh\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/how-to-test-a-diode-in-a-circuit\/\"><strong>Diodes<\/strong><\/a>: Provide <span style=\"color: #008000;\">voltage regulation<\/span>.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnFZLkmK5MbQBAa4rWkKUH1t\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Capacitors<\/strong>: Store\/release energy; regulate voltage, filter signals, stabilize power. Miniaturized in ICs using conductive\/dielectric layers for timing, filtering, and decoupling.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWQp4HmB5WAVUWy20WzJ5Rd\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Interconnects<\/strong>: Tiny metal lines <span style=\"color: #008000;\">connecting components<\/span>, carrying signals\/power.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcncfEus2Y5scVwoUXonAb5Hh\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/substrate-like-pcb\/\">Substrate<\/a>:<\/strong> Silicon base <span style=\"color: #000000;\">supporting the circuit.<\/span><\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneeqp2oXXJgbPGKAff4LBBb\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Packaging<\/strong>: <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Protective casing<\/span> (plastic\/ceramic) with pins\/pads for device connection.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aad09bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"aad09bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71a2e77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71a2e77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Manufacturing Process<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a33cc22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a33cc22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnLPkmSztXJ8HrtT0zTnOQae\">There are many steps to producing an IC, which is created with high precision.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-265abc0f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"265abc0f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4564fa3b\" data-id=\"4564fa3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77716408 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77716408\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 1: <br>Designing Integrated Circuits<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b99dd83\" data-id=\"7b99dd83\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fc4efdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1fc4efdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 2: <br>Fabricating the Wafer<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-62d068b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"62d068b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3d69d414\" data-id=\"3d69d414\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed9473f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed9473f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\"><div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcneCVQ2p3qabAKLQd2YeLrrd\">Engineers determine <span style=\"color: #008000;\">how to lay out transistors and other components<\/span> and <span style=\"color: #008000;\">use specialized CAD software<\/span> to design the <strong>integrated circuit diagram and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-layout-design-process-and-guidelines\/\">layout<\/a><\/strong>. You can watch this video for reference:<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d467e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"1d467e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/FvYldjIVMTk?si=YNBZQvHk25igS7fT&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6899507f\" data-id=\"6899507f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30afe27b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30afe27b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-H0oCdIr4Doop3PxDvTicQ1SUndc\"><div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-H0oCdIr4Doop3PxDvTicQ1SUndc\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnejNfTuKANUcgl7trnOxnNe\">Next, the <span style=\"color: #008000;\">design is copied onto a silicon wafer through the process of photolithography<\/span>. Microscopic components and circuits are built up (or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-etching-definition-types-process\/\">etched<\/a> away) by adding and patterning layers of material.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d6a951 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d6a951\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5546e9f\" data-id=\"5546e9f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e04925d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e04925d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 3: <br>Cutting into ICs<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c5d013\" data-id=\"2c5d013\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a07d08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a07d08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 4: <br>Packaging<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3dc9513\" data-id=\"3dc9513\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a41655 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a41655\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 5: <br>Testing and Quality Control <\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db66d26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db66d26\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ba290b\" data-id=\"3ba290b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb411c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb411c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\"><div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-doxcne58A4ICjLMSImlXMAs5sxb\">When the wafer is covered in thousands of tiny chips, it enters the dicing process, in which it\u2019s sliced up into <strong>individual ICs<\/strong>.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aa2a88d\" data-id=\"aa2a88d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1612388 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1612388\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-H0oCdIr4Doop3PxDvTicQ1SUndc\"><div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-H0oCdIr4Doop3PxDvTicQ1SUndc\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnZPzTaqTZQtmCE5ZnNIj8oe\">The chips are then <span style=\"color: #008000;\">encapsulated in protective material<\/span> \u2014 plastic, ceramic, or epoxy \u2014 and provided with external pins or pads for mounting to a printed circuit board (PCB).<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-30cf191\" data-id=\"30cf191\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af72df1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af72df1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CpIYdUW3fosYOMxfa9ZcyNoFnHe\"><div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CpIYdUW3fosYOMxfa9ZcyNoFnHe\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzNfmJjfmhosrVALVaua0hc\">This step is to ensure the <span style=\"color: #008000;\">quality and functions of ICs.<\/span> While intricate, the process <strong>enables mass production<\/strong> of <span style=\"color: #008000;\">small, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/high-power-pcb\/\">high-power<\/a>, and reliable electronic devices.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4652136 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4652136\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-770bb0a\" data-id=\"770bb0a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a68c298 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a68c298\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"647\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-manufacturing-process.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20598\" alt=\"ic manufacturing process\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-manufacturing-process.jpg 988w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-manufacturing-process-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-manufacturing-process-768x621.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-manufacturing-process-15x12.jpg 15w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">IC manufacturing process<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5255483 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5255483\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8210fde\" data-id=\"8210fde\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6a1e91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d6a1e91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3aa8fb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3aa8fb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>IC vs. PCB: What's the relationship between them?<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38bfb0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38bfb0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnyDCXqq70QEo0mh6qKxYwie\">Chip, as the <span style=\"color: #008000;\">&#8220;brain&#8221; of electronic equipment<\/span>, contains powerful computing and processing capabilities; PCB is like a <span style=\"color: #008000;\">connection<\/span> between the entire body organs of the skeletal structure, <span style=\"color: #008000;\">providing support and a communication bridge for the chip and other electronic components<\/span>; the two <strong>complement each other and are<\/strong> <strong>indispensable.<\/strong><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0463cd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0463cd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table><colgroup> <col width=\"133\" \/> <col width=\"347\" \/> <col width=\"411\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Dimension<\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">IC (Integrated Circuit)<\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">PCB (Printed Circuit Board)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Nature<\/td><td>Functional unit: Integrates components for specific signal processing<\/td><td>Connection carrier: Provides mounting platform and conductive pathways<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Composition<\/td><td>Primarily silicon wafer + metal interconnects (Cu\/Al)<\/td><td>Insulating substrate (e.g.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/what-is-fr-4-material-in-pcb-fabrication\/\"> FR-4<\/a>) + copper traces (surface\/inner layers)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Scale<\/td><td>Millimeter-scale (&lt;100mm\u00b2 chip area)<br \/>Nanometer process nodes<\/td><td>Centimeter to decimeter scale (e.g. 30cm\u00d724cm)<br \/>Micron-scale traces (e.g. 50\u03bcm width)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Functional Independence<\/td><td>Operates independently<br \/>(with power &amp; I\/O, e.g. standalone CPU)<\/td><td>Non-functional alone<br \/>Requires mounted components (including ICs)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Manufacturing Complexity<\/td><td>Ultra-precision fabrication<\/td><td>Standardized processes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Cost Drivers<\/td><td>Process node advancement<br \/>(extreme R&amp;D costs)<\/td><td>Layer count, precision, materials<br \/>(e.g. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/high-frequency-pcb\/\">high-frequency<\/a> laminates, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/heavy-copper-pcb\/\">thick copper<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c045f0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c045f0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/integrated-circuit-1024x682.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20597\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/integrated-circuit-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/integrated-circuit-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/integrated-circuit-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/integrated-circuit-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/integrated-circuit.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0856a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0856a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ICs and PCBs influence each other in many aspects:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-390ca2c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"390ca2c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3846890\" data-id=\"3846890\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-587ea4a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"587ea4a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RDsJd3jgdoRSHkxeoFVcn27Gnug\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"true\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuvMJMY093EMiCVuwJa1oJ1\"><em><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>1. Compact Design and Space Saver<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuWGANi4bzqfYlw2Dyzy09e\">ICs permit more functions to <strong>be packed in less space<\/strong>. With the increasing capability and functionality of chips, PCBs need to integrate more ICs in a given area. At the same time, the <span style=\"color: #008000;\">emergence of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/multilayer-pcb\/\">multi-layer PCBs<\/a> makes it possible to arrange more components for the IC in a limited space,<\/span> achieving more complex functions.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-34de74da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"34de74da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c13af59\" data-id=\"5c13af59\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-392442fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"392442fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnpBSrlpGP6kqmvXFGalKzYe\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>2. Thermal Management<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnVgl15lhNNCKnwWURnYioif\">ICs, especially high-performance ICs such as <strong>CPUs and power ICs<\/strong>, produce heat. To <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-thermal-management\/\">control thermal load<\/a> and protect circuits, the designer incorporates <span style=\"color: #008000;\">thermal vias, copper pours, and heat sinks near or beneath the IC.<\/span><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d1f56c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d1f56c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b37547c\" data-id=\"b37547c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11ea44e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11ea44e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RDsJd3jgdoRSHkxeoFVcn27Gnug\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"true\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnTGGxYbsduI4gQNkpzej0lb\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>3. Signal Integrity &amp; High-Speed Design<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEJ2a2YF3Ymp0OihtenN6rd\">For high-speed digital ICs (e.g., microprocessors, FPGAs), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/signal-integrity-in-pcb\/\">signal integrity<\/a> is very important. PCBs <span style=\"color: #008000;\">can reduce signal reflection, attenuation, and<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">interference<\/span> through reasonable layer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/4-layer-pcb-stack-up\/\">stack-up<\/a>, impedance matching design, and ground shielding measures.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoNHsgyQk3xRHejPugyMrOc\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">The width, length, and space of the trace should be designed<\/span> according to the clock speed and impedance of the IC, ensuring the signal integrity of integrated circuits.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a3d62a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a3d62a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e15472\" data-id=\"2e15472\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce766e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce766e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUNRGZWpNfba8I77hMYBACd\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>4. Power Delivery<\/strong><strong> and <\/strong><strong>Decoupling<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnrJDVBSG0KIFgZhUIIgrCie\">ICs need <span style=\"color: #008000;\">well-regulated power in order to operate correctly<\/span>. The size of design, shape, area of power, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-ground-plane\/\">ground planes<\/a> should be done carefully. These are big areas or sheets of copper on the PCB that are specifically designed to <span style=\"color: #008000;\">spread voltage and create a low-impedance return path to ground.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e85685 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e85685\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc7e596\" data-id=\"cc7e596\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e67596e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e67596e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RDsJd3jgdoRSHkxeoFVcn27Gnug\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"true\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnHTHOnEJmoRWEphiLjzlh5g\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>5. Testability and Debugging<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnkBaNFYbIowQWSamiNW9MqC\">ICs<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> frequently require programming or debugging entry points<\/span> (e.g., JTAG or SWD headers). PCBs should incorporate those in locations easily accessible for testing, lower concerns about rework, and provide for any in-circuit programming.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-349e301 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"349e301\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ba6fb85\" data-id=\"ba6fb85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e352fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e352fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcne2dB4T9yBAnMcVEjofOObf\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>6. Techniques of Mounting and Soldering <\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnHD9vNAu2Amy13htkVnfxze\">The PCB provides a <span style=\"color: #008000;\">stable base that holds the chip in place<\/span>. This prevents it from loosening or becoming damaged when subjected to impact. The <span style=\"color: #008000;\">type of IC package defines how the IC will be mounted on the PCB.<\/span> It includes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/dual-inline-package\/\">DIP<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/qfp-vs-qfn-package\/\">QFP<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/bga-pcb-assembly\/\">BGA<\/a>, and other types.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b51a832 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b51a832\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d577ee\" data-id=\"2d577ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-647de5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"647de5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RDsJd3jgdoRSHkxeoFVcn27Gnug\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"true\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnixcpqkvtOba9bPwKb5zz7g\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><em><strong>7. Reliability and Life Cycle Issues<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAhk8s8Ib9aACTRej43yeJg\">The lifespan of a PCB <span style=\"color: #800000;\">can be shortened<\/span> <strong>because of IC-related stresses like thermal cycling, ESD, and power surges<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Good grounding, shielding, and layout spacing all contribute to durability.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5112a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5112a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-639f789\" data-id=\"639f789\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-780a82e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"780a82e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnJ2eYG1wdKjzJZRnJf4xOBb\">At <em><strong>ELE PCB<\/strong><\/em>, we <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>focus on creating and building PCBs that are ideally suited to IC integration<\/strong><\/span>, guaranteeing <strong>competitive features and long life-cycle reliability<\/strong>.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-24e87fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"24e87fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4011228\" data-id=\"4011228\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d268284 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d268284\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contact us<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b48069c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b48069c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-chip-1024x682.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20599\" alt=\"ic chip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-chip-1024x682.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-chip-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-chip-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-chip-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ic-chip.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-591f967c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"591f967c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58da423b\" data-id=\"58da423b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4603df5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4603df5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a9eaadc elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a9eaadc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnN7lxgkE6Mt6TrlERdAWNCg\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnv4xDBWKwgOp91YEakw3Tnd\"><div data-page-id=\"EFFsdFpb5oTolwxZYRfceV29nHg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnhUV6dE6Ch9waD2p7TP1Eed\"><div data-page-id=\"GVbYdXNl6oduQxxUGvPcepeUnEg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WjagdixbIobb7dxdRq4c9fIpnLh\"><div data-page-id=\"Y0JTdVhAnoQ76PxRjsBczwNGnWW\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnfwHJf3nJF9kdMyancyn39d\"><strong>Integrated Chips<\/strong> are actually behind the development of all smart products.<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> They interact with PCBs to define the size, speed, power efficiency, and reliability of a device.<\/span> From selecting the IC to its correct placement and careful thermal design, there are no shortcuts.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzrGeKSKkpJpD3qbLFMkNjg\"><em><strong>ELE PCB<\/strong><\/em> provides knowledgeable assistance in <strong>PCB design and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-assembly-process-and-services\/\">assembly<\/a><\/strong> along with <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">accuracy, longevity, and professionalism<\/span><\/strong>. ELE PCB wants to a<strong>ssist in turning electronic designs into a reality with dependable results.<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzrGeKSKkpJpD3qbLFMkNjg\"><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\">Get in touch with us now<\/a> for customized PCB and PCBA services!<\/strong><\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-af5989c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"af5989c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a579c0c\" data-id=\"2a579c0c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b1f2da9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5b1f2da9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2111e52e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2111e52e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-668b01c0\" data-id=\"668b01c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37342720 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37342720\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>FAQs<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a9a7f61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a9a7f61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-707e06fe\" data-id=\"707e06fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1edded77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"1edded77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5171\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5171\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q1: Why does an IC overheat on the PCB?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5171\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5171\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Gx3Sd5soxoboFqx3TnbcyXIYnZc\"><p>A1: Inadequate cooling, high current feel, or bad layout. Add thermal vias, ensure copper thickness, and check on the grounding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5172\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5172\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q2: Is it possible that a bad IC would cause the PCB to be destroyed?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5172\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5172\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M9qsd9CqzowDS2x2lqOcn1e8nEg\"><p>A2: Yes. If an IC is shorted or has been connected the wrong way around, the PCB track may get burnt out or the other components may get damaged, or the circuit might even malfunction.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5173\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5173\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q3: Why has the IC started warming up too much at a low load?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5173\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5173\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M9qsd9CqzowDS2x2lqOcn1e8nEg\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KbOmdCjUlo25IgxqaLNcVo7pn7b\"><p>A3:<\/p><div data-page-id=\"Dm5fdrTS5ow1XnxLLA2cCzcBnbd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6XJh8fsHzsiZLmJzQoRpVh\">This may be because of the wrong polarity, overvoltage on the supply, or short-circuit on adjacent traces. Refer to the datasheet for the voltage limits and ensure the proper orientation when soldering. Also, check for bridged or bad connections.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5174\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5174\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q4: Microcontroller (MCU) vs. Microprocessor: Which do I need?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5174\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5174\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M9qsd9CqzowDS2x2lqOcn1e8nEg\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KbOmdCjUlo25IgxqaLNcVo7pn7b\"><p>A4: MCUs integrate CPU, memory, and I\/O on one chip (ideal for embedded control). Microprocessors require external components (suited for complex computing like PCs).<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72b68d12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72b68d12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46a34694\" data-id=\"46a34694\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-651c3920 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"651c3920\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"2056\" class=\"elementor elementor-2056\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6012901 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6012901\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afac9b2\" data-id=\"afac9b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b379375 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b379375\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15779\" alt=\"pcb and pcba products 1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, 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Address\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"email\" name=\"form_fields[message]\" id=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-tel elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_373bda7 elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhone Number\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"tel\" name=\"form_fields[field_373bda7]\" id=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" pattern=\"[0-9()#&amp;+*-=.]+\" title=\"Csak a sz\u00e1mok \u00e9s telefonkarakterek (#, -, * stb.) fogadhat\u00f3k el.\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-checkbox elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_c168eb1 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI am interested in (select all that apply)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-subgroup  elementor-subgroup-inline\"><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\">Rigid PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\">Flexible Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Aluminum PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\">Flexible Aluminum PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible PCB Microcircuits\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\">Flexible PCB Microcircuits<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\">Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid-Flex\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\">Rigid-Flex<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\">Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\">Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Copper Core\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\">Copper Core<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"IC Substrates &amp; Interposer\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\">IC Substrates & Interposer<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"High TG PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\">High TG PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Heavy Copper\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\">Heavy Copper<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"PCB Assembly\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\">PCB Assembly<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Components Sourcing\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\">Components Sourcing<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Other\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\">Other<\/label><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-upload elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_2cea676 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUpload Your Files (Optional)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"file\" name=\"form_fields[field_2cea676]\" id=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-upload-field\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_9ceb2c8 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMessage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field  elementor-size-sm\" name=\"form_fields[field_9ceb2c8]\" id=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Submit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-123957a9\" data-id=\"123957a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents Integrated Circuits (also referred to as ICs, or Microchips) have long been critical to enabling simple, compact, and efficient circuits from complex designs. They are the small brains that run most electronics, from computers and smartphones to home appliances and cars.Engineers use ICs to replace bulky circuits with miniaturized electronic components, leading [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":20579,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[236,124],"class_list":["post-20578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-electronic-components","tag-pcb-assembly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20578"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20621,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20578\/revisions\/20621"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}