{"id":20911,"date":"2025-07-30T11:01:18","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T03:01:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/?p=20911"},"modified":"2026-04-24T16:31:51","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T08:31:51","slug":"cold-solder-joint","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/blog\/cold-solder-joint\/","title":{"rendered":"Hidegforraszt\u00f3 k\u00f6t\u00e9sek: Megel\u0151z\u00e9si \u00fatmutat\u00f3: okok, felder\u00edt\u00e9s \u00e9s megel\u0151z\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"20911\" class=\"elementor elementor-20911\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59efb455 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59efb455\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31117e29\" data-id=\"31117e29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34edcfc0 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"34edcfc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-791d4b63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"791d4b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"DZAsdetJroFkxcxeVQjcyfnNnDg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WwFNdDCmBoUbWwxB3eUcTPRvny0\"><div data-page-id=\"BcFSdRB1Gol2zkxdhFscxDvAnDb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TITydiFUro9B9exZIv6ccdHanQb\"><div data-page-id=\"SnzydsWllo0bm3xovKqcokF1nHe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn9lfwW9l41AX0cFt5VdVBOh\"><div data-page-id=\"R9endOKSfohZDYxDRQXcy4SMnif\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnvogqCtMRZXFw2ZGxI6UvUd\"><div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HKnRd0jN4oCOBqxGM2McVjhCnCb\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnpQ499zxbbpZT0uLjZFMn2J\">In industries such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/a-guide-to-aerospace-pcb-assembly\/\">aerospace<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/medical-pcb-manufacturing\/\">medical devices<\/a>, or heavy industrial control, <strong>one <span style=\"color: #800000;\">hidden cold joint<\/span> can trigger an accident or an expensive recall<\/strong>. Cold solder joints are one of the most common and critical <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-failure-and-common-issues\/\">issues<\/a> affecting electronic reliability, and such faulty connections can<strong> cause intermittent functionality, total shutdown, or gradual component failure in electronic devices.<\/strong> It is essential for every action, whether manufacturing, quality assurance, or repair, to understand cold solder joints to maintain the integrity of the product.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnntwS2Hvu80JSLsdONTtxUc\">This guide provides explaination on cold solder joints, their <span style=\"color: #008000;\">identification, root causes, and practical solutions. It also contrasts cold solder joints with other defects<\/span> like incomplete solder, empty solder, and solder bridges. Let\u2019s follow ELE PCB to get a deep understanding of cold solder junctions!<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6598f962 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6598f962\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18217549\" data-id=\"18217549\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b870758 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b870758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b53cd9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b53cd9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71908f17\" data-id=\"71908f17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4fa2ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a4fa2ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>What is a Cold Solder Joint?<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7d6279 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a7d6279\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e05198\" data-id=\"5e05198\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f398fc8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f398fc8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a9372a7\" data-id=\"a9372a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd46cdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd46cdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnf7BuZvPWHUC0bspgdU84Xe\"><div data-page-id=\"DZAsdetJroFkxcxeVQjcyfnNnDg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-C4sgdmlmLoxQgNx41rtc5DVOnjc\"><div data-page-id=\"BcFSdRB1Gol2zkxdhFscxDvAnDb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O0HFdYO4ho52jExvAJbc8dDXnFg\"><div data-page-id=\"SnzydsWllo0bm3xovKqcokF1nHe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"R9endOKSfohZDYxDRQXcy4SMnif\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn3dXmgPTeT8LCl4K0ao7yIh\"><div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0096ojmZsCCcANe5A1ypVO\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjMbtaK2pVA9QVd5GaiW1rd\">A cold solder joint happens when there is <strong>improper bonding between a solder and a solder-surface interface<\/strong> because of either incomplete melting or lack of fusion of the solder. This occurs as <span style=\"color: #008000;\">a result of surface oxidation, movement during cooling, or low heat.<\/span> Joints obtained through this process are usually weak and will have a grainy appearance. They will also be susceptible to failure when exposed to stress or temperature fluctuations.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9ef4720\" data-id=\"9ef4720\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01394ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"01394ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"294\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-defect.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20920\" alt=\"cold-solder-defect\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-defect.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-defect-300x252.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-defect-14x12.jpg 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Cold Solder Joint vs Good Solder Joint\u200b<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-882aaa9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"882aaa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"true\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsT8P9SEvncMJPDtCZSxzhb\"><strong>Impact of Cold Solder Joints<\/strong><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2S4luPEMBaWOvEzkHTxK8f\">The cold solder defect can seriously affect the quality of circuit board soldering and circuit performance.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnI6tLUA2CiUEQqs73UUB771\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Weak <\/strong><strong>solder<\/strong><strong>\u00a0joints:<\/strong> Cold solder leads to the joints not being fully melted, resulting in <span style=\"color: #000000;\">reduced joint strength and an increased risk of falling off or fracturing.<\/span><\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnTJy8kyfYFVBV1OpGdmVilA\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Increased resistance: <\/strong>Cold solder joints commonly obtain more pores and impurities, resulting in increased resistance and affecting the circuit&#8217;s normal operation.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQo4ugIQiE3yc3I7VrDZhyc\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Impeded signal transmission<\/strong>: Cold soldering may lead to signal transmission lines breaking or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-short-circuit\/\\\\\">short-circuiting<\/a>, affecting the stability of signal transmission.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6f8393 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c6f8393\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a33bac1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a33bac1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d1303b\" data-id=\"9d1303b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd39e58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd39e58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Types of Cold Solder Joints<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee1de6f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee1de6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"true\"><div><table class=\"ace-table\" data-ace-table-col-widths=\"94;100;342;260\"><colgroup> <col width=\"120\" \/> <col width=\"200\" \/> <col width=\"200\" \/> <col width=\"260\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnRSdun41PdTUlCx00TUsEsd\"><strong>Type<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Ief0dVfqtodlBfxeKOUcrnvvnkg\">Apperance<\/div><\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnxRHJLSNHuzd8dFF1sGZS4f\"><strong>Hidden Flaw<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnNbcnDqVeCwbeFrxkHSYdwe\"><strong>Failure Trigger<\/strong><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsy5d3VOa8omqqlYpuAYPjd\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Fractured Joint<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EmOLdwACHoxeFlxAlYNcO24Tn4e\">have some kind of cracks<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnh8F9OA5k4zz2IJiJlzSPMf\">Subsurface cracks (X-ray only)<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UEcYd1H8NovMuNxQFUGcUxu8nCJ\">\u00a0<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYUpgTDuFO1vkTiqfhclntd\">Components shift or settle as they cool<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOAtn1fYrukgNeMYsESq43d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Dry Joint<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OMNUdTNgQotD2hxPCiHc3jRonTb\">irregular but dull appearance<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmRa4mrCUpqsbbPesGh12we\">Organic contamination (FTIR-traceable)<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnHX7gYgQ9PXhgJ9myuXThtg\">Bad wetting resulting from oxidation or insufficient heat<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEYPjFIfdw1ezLoAQIo3sMc\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Grainy or Frosty Joint<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WRomddoMyonIY9xgtI5cMc2hnAh\">rough, crystal-like surface<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYlJKgfo3xiXUvZLyaIJyWb\">Tin whiskers (SEM-visible)<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQsrsSDKlb8L3YVhziUYBif\">A lack of full melting temperature or disturbance during solidification<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7aa1ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a7aa1ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"419\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-joint-appearance.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20915\" alt=\"cold-solder-joint-appearance\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-joint-appearance.png 419w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-joint-appearance-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-joint-appearance-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc0adc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"dc0adc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25b1563 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25b1563\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>How to Identify a Cold Solder Joint<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f942aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f942aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUhCsypOPApUMHgd1lOoRKf\">The methods of identifying cold solder joints are as follows:<\/div><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnxHS8kFgbhbM2DA2L7BCLJe\"><strong>Visual Inspection<\/strong><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8ffNaZQqRptqdeGREuUElh\">Looking at the joint steadily and slowly with the unaided eye is still one of the fastest ways to get started. Cold joints often appear <strong>dull, lumpy, or wavy, and may show spider-web cracks<\/strong> around the edge. In contrast, a good joint shines, looks smooth, and has a gentle, even curve.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd82782 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd82782\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnZzkvVGIT9kl3t8Xx3gEToj\"><strong>Microscopic Examination<\/strong><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnyiaY5RTe8FVzYWyB0Qf8Ji\">On crowded boards or pins packed tight, a low-power loupe or clip-on microscope reveals problems the eye simply misses. Defective solder may patchily <strong>wet, tiny trapped bubbles, or a gray-sandy haze across the surface.<\/strong> Each mark shows the molten metal never flowed the way it needed to bond securely.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73443af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73443af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnN9HkkiqTGefqJHyPROhzwT\"><strong>Electrical Checking<\/strong><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnS1yq5B0yS7Kcgdu9YBPJme\">Even a simple <span style=\"color: #008000;\">multimeter or a basic continuity tester<\/span> can check sudden jumps in resistance, drop-outs in signal, or outright failure through uncommon wiggle. That uneven response shows the joint never closed completely, so the circuit is fragile and unreliable.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c150aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c150aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnyB7tLzBzV4McZYSyhmW0Fc\"><strong>X-ray<\/strong><strong> Inspection<\/strong><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwL634re1dMth5ri6mSS8Nh\">When solder joints are hidden under components such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/ball-grid-array-guide-to-bga-packages\/\">Ball Grid Arrays<\/a> (BGAs), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-x-ray-inspection\/\">X-ray<\/a> imaging can spot cracks, weak or poorly wetted areas, or connections that do not touch electrically.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnN2QG1skccnhxqjUsQ93And\">Regular scans with this method, especially after hand repairs or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/wave-soldering\/\">wave<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-reflow-soldering\/\">reflow soldering<\/a>, help confirm quality and support the assembly\u2019s long-term reliability.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed31f60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ed31f60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"297\" height=\"164\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/good-joint-bad-joint-comparison.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20919\" alt=\"good-joint-bad-joint-comparison\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/good-joint-bad-joint-comparison.png 297w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/good-joint-bad-joint-comparison-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 297px) 100vw, 297px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-564c19c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"564c19c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d75aa4\" data-id=\"2d75aa4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f683ff5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f683ff5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8af3ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a8af3ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Root Causes of Cold Solder Joints<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24a948b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24a948b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XQL7dNaHLoCLptxDeHDciBEOnyd\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnRPWUbqv3YACQA8oQoujPtf\">Cold solder joints appear whenever the melting metal fails to grip both the component lead and the PCB pad securely.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-465edaf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"465edaf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-057530c\" data-id=\"057530c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fc522f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2fc522f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"342\" height=\"201\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-joint-2.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20914\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-joint-2.jpeg 342w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-joint-2-300x176.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-joint-2-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4597c1f\" data-id=\"4597c1f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be81b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1be81b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"526\" height=\"303\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-joint-1.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20913\" alt=\"cold-solder-joint-1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-joint-1.jpeg 526w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-joint-1-300x173.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cold-solder-joint-1-18x10.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-62095ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"62095ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85fd1d5\" data-id=\"85fd1d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8eb21b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8eb21b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcncYflRBGoilofsteGKx7K6d\"><strong>Insufficient Heat<\/strong><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnie04JDX6y6mdxDsaiqHwLb\">Cold solder joints appear mostly when the<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> iron tip stays too cool or touches the joint only for a split second<\/span>. The alloy never climbs the liquidus line, instead puddling sluggishly and freezing before fully wetting the surfaces. The result is a <strong>brittle, snow-like line<\/strong> that looks dull and fails under moderate stress.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2453662\" data-id=\"2453662\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfcc078 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bfcc078\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4B3O7xr2Xewm3wmMqacH6b\"><strong>Oxidized Leads or Pads<\/strong><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnBIwgm4VTkqEhQkjuVk4wkh\">Any thin layer of oxide interrupts the intimate contact required for reliable wetting. Old components and boards, especially if stored in open air, tend to develop such films on copper or solder-coating surfaces. Consequently, the solder beads up instead of spreading uniformly, and the final joint shows voids or isolated islands that carry almost no mechanical strength.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-144ea8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"144ea8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5759d27\" data-id=\"5759d27\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-980000b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"980000b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-230e651\" data-id=\"230e651\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-027c681 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"027c681\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnve4tfjZnObwMg15qjRtHJe\"><strong>Movement During Cooling<\/strong><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOCsTIeU4ve4fAiQqbZnIgd\">Any form of shaking or movement can disturb the solidification phase of solder crystallization. This will often result in <strong>structural fractures or poor electrical connectivity<\/strong>, which will weaken the solder joint both mechanically and electrically.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4966c4\" data-id=\"e4966c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55f51e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55f51e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn1bfDTDbZqFlUZ7mlZe5QTQ\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnONqVtrb1lwlcNstJ5tW78f\"><strong>Dirty <\/strong><strong>Soldering<\/strong><strong> Materials<\/strong><\/h3><\/div><p>Oil, dust, and residues from hand grease, as well as flux, will obstruct the flow of solder and bonding of traces, necessitating high levels of cleanliness. <span style=\"color: #008000;\">High levels of cleanliness are needed to prevent contamination.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59cad20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59cad20\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18151fa\" data-id=\"18151fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bece57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1bece57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b287a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b287a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>How to Prevent Cold Solder Joints?  <\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-655b2dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"655b2dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0QzdyEhq1DaekmaVXEku5c\">Compared to fixing cold solder joints, it\u2019s much easier to avoid it during soldering. Cold solder joints can be all but eliminated when practitioners control heat, cleanliness, and technique at every stage.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9609215 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9609215\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOxITukZ3JY4sZb3TSyrIgR\"><strong>Step-by-Step Cold Soldering <\/strong><strong>Best Practice<\/strong><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcntr3gDNLDnYmPkkONF7Cpig\">These are the few steps that need to be taken:<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOfa67xQuQkWGEbXXgJn5Mb\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>First, always work with <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">a calibrated soldering iron<\/span><\/strong> so the tip temperature stays steady.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwWHao0fwwhj1RDfMD8435b\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Next, <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">thoroughly scrub component<\/span><\/strong> leads and PCB pads with isopropyl alcohol or a fine abrasive, removing oxidation and grease that inhibit solder flow.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMADcMw1L1xBypYs1wNHGRe\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Then apply <strong>fresh, low-activity<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/solder-flux\/\"> flux<\/a> <\/strong>in a measured amount-it should bead around the joint without pooling excessively.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnih6HCucVC1ouXpYJitWc66\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>During soldering, <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>hold components still with tweezers or a fixture,<\/strong><\/span> allowing molten metal to bond evenly and preventing movement before solidification.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjFGJ2XWsxOBQGZmV4KWryd\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>After <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-assembly-process-and-services\/\">assembly<\/a>, run <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-aoi-inspection\/\">automated optical inspection<\/a>, spot-heating scans, and other quality checks, catching tiny defects before boards leave the line.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div>Following this sequence of controls significantly strengthens each joint and cuts the costs tied to field failures and expensive rework.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10713db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10713db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4KsFQJuIsNcTkUb6lXBDzg\"><strong>Special Considerations for BGA\/CSP Components<\/strong><\/h3><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8cPtU7v31Ieh1KjZ8fVjwh\">BGA and CSP have a high rate of cold soldering during <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/hot-air-solder-leveling\/\">hot air<\/a> reflow soldering because the hot air used for heat transfer is difficult to penetrate the small gaps, resulting in low heat transfer efficiency.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnPjdljhhZbBFeUoOnPWfGmf\">In such situations, solutions include:<\/div><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcng3z0EyUllXUpH1BuomfBCn\">Using a<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> trapezoidal temperature profile<\/span> to reduce the peak temperature of the reflow in moderation by extending the peak temperature time.<\/li><\/ul><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">This improves the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-thermal-management\/\">dissipation of heat<\/a> capacity components and large heat capacity components, avoiding overheating of smaller components.<\/p><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnVNfzGD1B1QtYeeli2Tf1Zd\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Improve the supply of heat<\/span> for reflow soldering.<\/li><\/ul><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Reflow soldering involves welding thousands of components onto a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/substrate-like-pcb\/\">PCB substrate<\/a>. If the PCB is not the same size, has different heat capacities or areas, it will cause uneven temperatures. <strong>Infrared heating<\/strong> can be used to uniformly heat the surface of the same object, producing small thermal stress in the welded parts, high thermal efficiency and energy savings.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56e3984 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"56e3984\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"606\" height=\"387\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/how-to-fix-cold-solder-joints.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20916\" alt=\"how-to-fix cold-solder-joints\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/how-to-fix-cold-solder-joints.png 606w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/how-to-fix-cold-solder-joints-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/how-to-fix-cold-solder-joints-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eedde2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eedde2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Comparison: Cold Joints vs. Other Solder Defects<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db6c1d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db6c1d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnboKlFVajfhmAgpTyNzXb8d\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"true\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UFM6d0t7ootlSfxEG6mc4Ow5nTh\">The following table lists the various solder joint defects that can occur during the soldering process, along with their causes and effects:<\/div><div><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"true\"><div><table class=\"ace-table\" data-ace-table-col-widths=\"194;194;194;194\"><colgroup> <col width=\"194\" \/> <col width=\"194\" \/> <col width=\"194\" \/> <col width=\"194\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnvfVeHdz0kpft0x5lgF8Vjh\">Defect<\/div><\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnBNKY6tYcDU11ZYOxTT7Gtb\">Appearance<\/div><\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn28EAjC7E351j8Hm2XHQDEc\">Electrical Effect<\/div><\/td><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqhY67bcwP34p6pO3re6yLf\">Cause<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnRaVZYM7IdzPpeOuy9eR04f\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Cold Solder Joint<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcndR59z8u7lJFktfnBOqrb1b\">Dull, cracked, grainy<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnXyEuhSuhNflKEId0jwRfU3\">Intermittent \/ Open<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCgdjcwBLXLpA77MJhUr4Rd\">Movement or Inadequate heat<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjPf0L1G96JgZdUi0FXflMo\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Incomplete Solder<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnTIomy1PMWGX9GqqUtJPigf\">Partial coverage<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnN64BvbJ5IDNwNtmU8mDwFe\">Poor conductivity<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnlWZsBoldyXxVf62akBYVOf\">The solder application is insufficient<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsNk4T6LOaniSx4Vp4Atnnb\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Empty Solder<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnpLJQ0A6IXb23wYIkvgRQFg\">No solder present<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnu2dhjItDQQrhKRVO8NyW9e\">Open circuit<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn7VkQppx44i7ifZvSyv9Sd5\">Solder Paste omissions or issues during reflow<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUqHjPfkoDzY1cUowDfyNob\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Solder Bridge<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn7Y2ctTNZ5vdeRJ0KcZcqjh\">Unwanted solder bridge<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnFzWmhetBE0JG4VeFdoP5qc\">Short circuit<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnikZrrGqm9oRhpOZqJf7Csb\">Using too much solder or the spacing between components is poorly executed<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33c09be elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"33c09be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/incomplete-solder-vs-empty-solder-vs-solder-bridge-768x432.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-21940\" alt=\"incomplete solder vs empty solder vs solder bridge\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/incomplete-solder-vs-empty-solder-vs-solder-bridge-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/incomplete-solder-vs-empty-solder-vs-solder-bridge-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/incomplete-solder-vs-empty-solder-vs-solder-bridge-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/incomplete-solder-vs-empty-solder-vs-solder-bridge-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/incomplete-solder-vs-empty-solder-vs-solder-bridge.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1728c5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1728c5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4 class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XGcsdF0EXobhKIx5wFbcnI9gnWg\"><strong>Cold Solder vs Pseudo Soldering<\/strong><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UGkpd4Pv2ol4v1xgzl9cjcPlneg\">Cold solder joints result from insufficient heat, which causes the solder to fail to fully melt and wet the surface.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-J8w8dsxZioxiJxxni2VcVwrgnug\">Pseudo soldering, on the other hand, are often caused by the oxidation of pads or pins, or by ineffective flux. In these cases, the solder melts but fails to bond effectively with the surface.<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KBded4QbnovSPzx12Z9cjwdQnJg\">Visually, cold solder joints appear rough and dull, with visible unmelted solder particles; pseudo soldering, however, look relatively normal.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KBded4QbnovSPzx12Z9cjwdQnJg\">However, there is a gap between the joint and the contact surface and the bond is not tight, making them prone to intermittent connectivity issues later on.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2111e52e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2111e52e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-668b01c0\" data-id=\"668b01c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d24bc64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d24bc64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37342720 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37342720\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17663eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"17663eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"625\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/solder-defect-comparison.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20917\" alt=\"solder-defect-comparison\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/solder-defect-comparison.png 625w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/solder-defect-comparison-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/solder-defect-comparison-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65d0826 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65d0826\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"R9endOKSfohZDYxDRQXcy4SMnif\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AkRud4W0noqu12xps4VcuuEznXf\"><div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnkYU4PHI81ZNiNatWh9PMNb\"><div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoyVFCrFit499Hd8xWAaCSf\">Cold solder joints remain a persistent challenge in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/electronics-manufacturing\/\">electronics manufacturing<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/pcb-repair-steps-solve-failures\/\">repair<\/a>, compromising product reliability through intermittent connections and premature failures. Implementing rigorous process controls\u2014<span style=\"color: #008000;\">including precise temperature management, oxidation prevention, and movement mitigation during cooling<\/span>\u2014significantly reduces occurrence rates. For complex assemblies like BGAs and CSPs, specialized thermal profiling and inspection protocols are essential to ensure robust solder connections.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsAPBNPprkEhZrpcJiWBrTf\">As <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">specialists in PCB quality assurance<\/span><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\"><strong>ELEPCB<\/strong><\/a> provides:<\/div><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnVQRbDW0bBxXAOLZH1kaUBf\"><strong>Advanced Inspection<\/strong>: Detecting subsurface defects in PCBs to keep high-quality<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnXgCXS3j5jQwLWAyQVb5u3g\"><strong>Soldering Process Audits:<\/strong> Identifying and resolving root causes of cold joints<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnX3DxeyufOmdhac8r08k6fe\"><strong>IPC-Certified Services:<\/strong> Obtaining ISO9000\u3001ISO9001:2005\u3001ISO14001\u3001UL\u3001TS16949 certificates<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcniKfMNj7rWu3zm3lsXLX8bb\"><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\">Contact our expert team<\/a> to discuss your specific reliability challenges.<\/strong><\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22189ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"22189ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce510a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ce510a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>FAQs<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a9a7f61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a9a7f61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-707e06fe\" data-id=\"707e06fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1edded77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"1edded77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5171\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5171\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q1: What evidence points to a cold solder joint in an otherwise functioning piece of equipment?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5171\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5171\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Gx3Sd5soxoboFqx3TnbcyXIYnZc\"><p>A1:Typical indicators are flickering displays, sudden resets, audio dropouts, or sporadic loss of power. Merely tapping the device often restores operation for a moment, showing the joint is not reliably stable.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5172\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5172\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q2: Can a cold solder joint form long after manufacture, or does it appear only at assembly?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5172\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5172\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M9qsd9CqzowDS2x2lqOcn1e8nEg\"><p>A2: It can show up over time, especially under frequent heating, cooling, vibration, or gradual oxidation that weakens the bond. Devices kept in harsh, dusty, or humid places are particularly at risk.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5173\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5173\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q3: How should a technician go about repairing a cold solder joint in the field?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5173\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5173\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M9qsd9CqzowDS2x2lqOcn1e8nEg\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KbOmdCjUlo25IgxqaLNcVo7pn7b\"><p>A3: First, desolder the bad joint with a pump or wick, then clean the pad and lead, add fresh flux, and resolder while carefully controlling heat, so the new bond solidifies properly.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5174\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5174\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q4: Which basic tools are really needed to find cold solder joints during routine field troubleshooting?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5174\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5174\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M9qsd9CqzowDS2x2lqOcn1e8nEg\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KbOmdCjUlo25IgxqaLNcVo7pn7b\">A4: A digital multimeter, a decent hand lens or small microscope, and the usual soldering kit will cover most cases. For dense or critical boards, X-ray or signal-tracing gear becomes helpful, but rarely essential.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72b68d12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72b68d12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46a34694\" data-id=\"46a34694\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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846px;\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><\/div><form id=\"cf7-form-5\" class=\"wpcf7-form init cf7mls-no-scroll cf7mls-no-moving-animation\" style=\"position: relative; overflow: hidden;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.mclpcb.com\/capabilities\/#wpcf7-f5-p60-o1\" method=\"post\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\" data-fx-id=\"1587946425258918\"><div class=\"contact-inner\" style=\"max-width: 846px; margin: 0px auto;\"><p style=\"font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.58em; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 25px 0px 15px; text-align: center; max-width: 846px;\">We provide technical expertise form prototype through production, increasing speed to market by 20%.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Contact us below to start discussing your project with our Technical Experts today.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Whether you already have Gerber Files, submit a\u00a0Quick Quote\u00a0for free estimate.<\/p><\/div><\/form><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5782c747 elementor-button-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-form\" data-id=\"5782c747\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;step_next_label&quot;:&quot;Next&quot;,&quot;step_previous_label&quot;:&quot;Previous&quot;,&quot;button_width&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;step_type&quot;:&quot;number_text&quot;,&quot;step_icon_shape&quot;:&quot;circle&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"form.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form class=\"elementor-form\" method=\"post\" name=\"New Form\" aria-label=\"New Form\">\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"post_id\" value=\"2056\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"form_id\" value=\"5782c747\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"referer_title\" value=\"An Ultimate Guide to PCB Inspection Methods-ELE PCB\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"queried_id\" value=\"4187\"\/>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-form-fields-wrapper elementor-labels-above\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-text elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-name elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYour Name\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"text\" name=\"form_fields[name]\" id=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-email elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-message elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEmail Address\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"email\" name=\"form_fields[message]\" id=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-tel elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_373bda7 elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhone Number\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"tel\" name=\"form_fields[field_373bda7]\" id=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" pattern=\"[0-9()#&amp;+*-=.]+\" title=\"Csak a sz\u00e1mok \u00e9s telefonkarakterek (#, -, * stb.) fogadhat\u00f3k el.\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-checkbox elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_c168eb1 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI am interested in (select all that apply)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-subgroup  elementor-subgroup-inline\"><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\">Rigid PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\">Flexible Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Aluminum PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\">Flexible Aluminum PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible PCB Microcircuits\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\">Flexible PCB Microcircuits<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\">Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid-Flex\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\">Rigid-Flex<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\">Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\">Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Copper Core\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\">Copper Core<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"IC Substrates &amp; Interposer\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\">IC Substrates & Interposer<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"High TG PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\">High TG PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Heavy Copper\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\">Heavy Copper<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"PCB Assembly\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\">PCB Assembly<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Components Sourcing\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\">Components Sourcing<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Other\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\">Other<\/label><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-upload elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_2cea676 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUpload Your Files (Optional)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"file\" name=\"form_fields[field_2cea676]\" id=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-upload-field\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_9ceb2c8 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMessage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field  elementor-size-sm\" name=\"form_fields[field_9ceb2c8]\" id=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Submit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-123957a9\" data-id=\"123957a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents In industries such as aerospace, medical devices, or heavy industrial control, one hidden cold joint can trigger an accident or an expensive recall. Cold solder joints are one of the most common and critical issues affecting electronic reliability, and such faulty connections can cause intermittent functionality, total shutdown, or gradual component failure [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":20912,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[227],"class_list":["post-20911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-pcb-issue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20911"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21943,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20911\/revisions\/21943"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}