{"id":21390,"date":"2025-09-12T14:26:59","date_gmt":"2025-09-12T06:26:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/?p=21390"},"modified":"2025-09-12T14:26:59","modified_gmt":"2025-09-12T06:26:59","slug":"pcb-rework-repair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/blog\/pcb-rework-repair\/","title":{"rendered":"Halad\u00f3 PCB Rework: BGA, QFN, Lifted Pads &amp; Via Repair: BGA, QFN, Lifted Pads &amp; Via Repair"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21390\" class=\"elementor elementor-21390\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59efb455 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59efb455\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31117e29\" data-id=\"31117e29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34edcfc0 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"34edcfc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Tartalomjegyz\u00e9k megnyit\u00e1sa\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Tartalomjegyz\u00e9k bez\u00e1r\u00e1sa\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-791d4b63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"791d4b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"MMJ3dYqfMo488CxSgojc9hJ2nxR\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzwWQ93rSlNWaDOzmxWNHbg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"EXgrdhT5poSlBlxgUlKcJ1OWnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JlbRd4AeYoAUqoxSECIci1FNnEa\">\n<div data-page-id=\"L6bLdyn2RodF8rxv1Ybcju0fnLs\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VAQ6dP1tCo437xxnSGUcUU47nkb\">\n<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WY5Eda1GeolF6oxwLH8cEfOpnWf\"><strong>Printed circuit board (PCB) rework<\/strong> is not only basic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/pcb-repair-steps-solve-failures\/\">repair<\/a>, such as replacing a capacitor or resistor. Modern high-density PCBs, featuring <span style=\"color: #008000;\">BGA and QFN packages, fine traces, and multiple layers<\/span>, present challenges that extend far beyond basic repair skills. If mishandled, defects such as <strong>cold solder joints, pad lift, or corrosion<\/strong> can compromise the entire system.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-GztMdfaTFob6iNxixgcc030Fn3f\">This article will dive into the details of advanced PCB rework with more complex activities, including:<\/div>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NTxxdnkszoOrflxe13Zc28wDn1e\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>Rework of<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/ball-grid-array-guide-to-bga-packages\/\"> Ball Grid Array (BGA)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/qfp-vs-qfn-package\/\">Quad-Flat No-Leads (QFN)<\/a> packages<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Lf7rdUQ7Mo5aY7xTUZpccEconqb\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>How to repair <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/cold-solder-joint\/\">cold solder joints<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XxLYd38YNovKZxxvclrci5wYnGe\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>Methods of controlling <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-corrosion-issues\/\">corrosion<\/a> and contamination<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MROGdCyyYoM5mix1oXrcMnSZnRh\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>Solutions to <strong>lifted pad<\/strong> issues<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6598f962 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6598f962\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18217549\" data-id=\"18217549\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b870758 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b870758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b53cd9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b53cd9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71908f17\" data-id=\"71908f17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74cb495 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"74cb495\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"736\" height=\"477\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/circuit-board-pics.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21393\" alt=\"circuit board pics\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/circuit-board-pics.jpg 736w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/circuit-board-pics-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/circuit-board-pics-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4fa2ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a4fa2ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>What Tools Are Required for Advanced PCB Rework?<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7d6279 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a7d6279\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e05198\" data-id=\"5e05198\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-159a4dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"159a4dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea56d92\" data-id=\"ea56d92\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd46cdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd46cdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnf7BuZvPWHUC0bspgdU84Xe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DZAsdetJroFkxcxeVQjcyfnNnDg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-C4sgdmlmLoxQgNx41rtc5DVOnjc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"BcFSdRB1Gol2zkxdhFscxDvAnDb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O0HFdYO4ho52jExvAJbc8dDXnFg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SnzydsWllo0bm3xovKqcokF1nHe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"R9endOKSfohZDYxDRQXcy4SMnif\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn3dXmgPTeT8LCl4K0ao7yIh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0096ojmZsCCcANe5A1ypVO\">\n<div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjMbtaK2pVA9QVd5GaiW1rd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"NRLEdDiB4om67uxCN22caz9Gn3g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4CITzJf2qdAXlu9dCCo1jh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Mlo1dHQWRoT8Mgxnab7cKZn4nlg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnY013220Fe7mUbPEDdyOvAd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Sqtwdp27oof9MJxYZSacwYrGncg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnx1sE93GlmXTOHseTdPb84e\">\n<div data-page-id=\"MMJ3dYqfMo488CxSgojc9hJ2nxR\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKu2WPt5R3EggfFSqq5korc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"EXgrdhT5poSlBlxgUlKcJ1OWnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnW2Vch2KVdf1wbpOHRF5WOh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"L6bLdyn2RodF8rxv1Ybcju0fnLs\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JWVgd6KzAo3vxRxYwRBccfnonNf\">\n<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XL8QdrtyIoe6n2xTUpTcDtyYnDX\">Advanced circuit board rework requires specific tools to ensure accuracy, prevent damage to components or pads, and maintain overall board reliability. The most important tools are:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0c85e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a0c85e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5fe7f2b\" data-id=\"5fe7f2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0c243f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0c243f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-X5xxdYYzjoa57fxJi7PcX773nwc\"><strong>Rework Station<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Du3AdntJYo0IS8xVeTPcpkWNn6b\"><strong>Hot Air Rework Station or Infrared Rework Station<\/strong> provides controlled heat for<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-reflow-soldering\/\"> reflowing<\/a> and part removal such as QFNs, BGAs, and fine-pitch ICs.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Ol6LdiZIuoTud1xIz4EcDXeInUh\"><strong>Preheater (PCB Preheating Plate)<\/strong> reduces thermal stress by evenly heating the board before localized heat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dbb6958\" data-id=\"dbb6958\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0243641 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0243641\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VT2pd2jrHogstNxWAKTciN0qnRd\"><strong>Soldering<\/strong><strong> Equipment<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-SsEjd5mMjoQoIxxLP1OcUWCdnQh\"><strong>High-Precision Soldering Iron<\/strong> with temperature control, for touch-up soldering and repair of pads.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WjlydgezDocSpoxtA7hcw0b2n9f\"><strong>Soldering Tips of Various Shapes<\/strong> (fine tips, hoof tips) to accommodate different shapes of pads.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-827b1c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"827b1c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-629a023\" data-id=\"629a023\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b139ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b139ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-X5xxdYYzjoa57fxJi7PcX773nwc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HUWGdg8uhowFsgxLnbnc6jfenkg\"><strong>Inspection and Measurement Tools<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XLGSd35uPoklLGxkpY9ctBZxnvu\"><strong>Microscope or Video Inspection System:<\/strong> For the detection of solder bridges, tombstoning, or micro-cracks.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UGB2dHFbKobUMAxSjVQc6i23nGf\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-x-ray-inspection\/\">X-Ray Inspection<\/a> Machine:<\/strong> Essential for hidden joints such as BGA or QFN center pads.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VtRedvWAAokzl1x44pTcDsSEnSe\"><strong>Multimeter and Oscilloscope:<\/strong> For continuity testing and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-functional-testing\/\">functional testing<\/a> after rework.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1abd31c\" data-id=\"1abd31c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8598500 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8598500\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VT2pd2jrHogstNxWAKTciN0qnRd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-R6WAdMTxroTWK3xlk3Hcx88anNd\"><strong>Soldering<\/strong><strong> Materials<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WQ1KddmK1og2I9xIroece69Jnae\"><strong>Solder Wire \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-solder-paste\/\">Solder Paste<\/a><\/strong>: Lead-free or leaded, as needed.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WU3OdNpwSopmJexknSLc8p4Lnze\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/solder-flux\/\"><strong>Flux<\/strong><\/a> (Liquid or Gel): Improves wetting of the solder and prevents oxidation.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RSVFdMtqjohiQuxvdubc5UOGnIg\"><strong>Solder Wick and Desoldering Braid<\/strong>: Excess solder removal and repair of solder bridges.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EPu2dZnFYoxNtix8oB3c9D1GnqY\">Component Handling &amp; Cleaning Tools<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-I4old1mikoP6rmxKvKScfURwnJg\">Vacuum Pick-up Tool or Precision Tweezers<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Zxh9dvpetoMRUQxWSkachoQIncN\">Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) and Brush Cleaning<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M2htdrtPoo3dNNxTk8zcYOjenff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/electrostatic-discharge-esd\/\">ESD Protection<\/a> Equipment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6f8393 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c6f8393\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a33bac1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a33bac1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d1303b\" data-id=\"9d1303b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd39e58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd39e58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>BGA Rework: Problems &amp; Professional Fixes<\/strong><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9a2987 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9a2987\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"L6bLdyn2RodF8rxv1Ybcju0fnLs\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-YZocdpxmZoGRcOxq2fJcfPRDnJg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoov62oyYVqxAc89Uwnhlyg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/ball-grid-array-guide-to-bga-packages\/\">Ball Grid Array(BGA)<\/a> devices are comprised of solder ball arrays on the back (input) side of the component, directly attached to PCB pads. It gives high density and good electrical results, but inspection and repair are legendary nightmares.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b1b3a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7b1b3a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"705\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA-package.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21394\" alt=\"BGA-package\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA-package.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA-package-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/BGA-package-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9700dd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9700dd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"L6bLdyn2RodF8rxv1Ybcju0fnLs\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnU8io8UfSHdp7lbrxlaihPh\"><strong>Common Failures in BGA Package<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnrHxcZBoQ273eebH36chJdo\">The failures of BGA usually have a number of pronounced manifestations, which have very different causes.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JFopd11UcoTKjLxiJiqcAOrhnGc\">When <span style=\"color: #800000;\">too much solder is used<\/span>, there will be a <strong>solder <\/strong><strong>bridging<\/strong><strong> issue<\/strong>. Since the closely neighboring balls connect together during the reflow process, they form an electronic path where there should not have been one.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-A1VqdIMUxo5v0Yx5D83c82fLnNe\"><strong>Head-in-Pillow (HiP)<\/strong> is another compound failure whereby the BGA ball and the solder paste on the PCB pad both liquefy but never unite to form a single inter-reliable connection, a failure which can occur due to <span style=\"color: #800000;\">component warpage and\/or<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/bow-and-twist-of-pcb\/\">PCB warpage<\/a>, or highly unequal heating.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c319e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c319e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"L6bLdyn2RodF8rxv1Ybcju0fnLs\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-G9FDdpVr2oqvagxwsi3cCs08nBh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYlDgxI96VqI4EJF5Dfqmkg\"><strong>Considerations for BGA Rework<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnISF3K1AEvYCBKd7DHQQSrb\">The probability of successful BGA repair depends on many important factors, the first of which is the<strong> necessity to use <span style=\"color: #008000;\">special equipment<\/span><\/strong>. The BGA repair tools include a dedicated rework station with a focused infrared or <span style=\"color: #008000;\">hot air head and a professional pre-heater<\/span> is provided as a matter of course, since the pre-heater introduces a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the board, thereby preventing thermal shock, and the rework station introduces focused heating to a specific component.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-LF04d3MRDoQ64Bx1MZGcfUBenrg\">It also requires <span style=\"color: #008000;\">very careful temperature profiling<\/span>, with the heating occurring in a certain curve, such as the ramp, soak, reflow, and cooling steps, balanced to the size and number of layers of a PCB, as well as to the melting temperature of the solder itself; otherwise, <strong>an improper profile can ruin both the BGA and the PCB itself.\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-52ce5b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52ce5b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-27b9af1\" data-id=\"27b9af1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e64a3fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e64a3fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzPWdFy9fhJfpmxhn0qxpsM\"><strong>How to repair a <\/strong><strong>BGA<\/strong><strong>?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnduoIpSGu7zIsAzFwhoinDc\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Diagnoses: <\/strong>BGA fault should be provable. <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Check the solder balls with an X-ray machine<\/span> to find out about any cracks, empty spaces, or bridging. A thermal scan with a load will also show the existence of a cold spot due to a failed connection.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn41EWoysz0SPKF8aTAcBHQb\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Targeted heating:<\/strong> A good reballing\/re-replacement will need <span style=\"color: #008000;\">a sophisticated rework station including both a preheater<\/span> (to warm the whole board and avoid warping) and a <span style=\"color: #008000;\">small spot heat source<\/span> (hot air or IR). There can be no compromise on a temperature-controlled process.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnLMJmVk0VBg8GpAkIS6VCYC\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Repairing Process:<\/strong> The normal process is to place flux, remove the old component with care, pad the hole circle area clean, line up new solder balls (reballing) or a new component, and reflow with a certain thermal profile.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d082b1d\" data-id=\"d082b1d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13b29d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13b29d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Look at this video as a reference for repairing a BGA.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4c430c elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"d4c430c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtube.com\\\/shorts\\\/QcjGznQ4q_Y?si=7Z35XOxvVQOC6NCP&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-564c19c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"564c19c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d75aa4\" data-id=\"2d75aa4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f683ff5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f683ff5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8af3ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a8af3ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>QFN Rework: Challenges &amp; Solutions<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45e10cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"45e10cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4624aea\" data-id=\"4624aea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a348c84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a348c84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EXgrdhT5poSlBlxgUlKcJ1OWnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnK0y0HcrItwKcTCNxclSS1c\">\n<div data-page-id=\"L6bLdyn2RodF8rxv1Ybcju0fnLs\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-QRsodRp4qoqLn4xIaUmc1HjbnMd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYh6f6zIgST31gw2ORWlYw1\">Like BGAs, Quad Flat No-Leads(QFNs) are <strong>no-lead.<\/strong> Rather, they possess perimeter pads and commonly a large thermal pad on the bottom. It makes them small and heat-dissipating, although it poses severe challenges to repair.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc37cab elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dc37cab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"382\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/QFN-repair.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21395\" alt=\"QFN-repair\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/QFN-repair.png 382w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/QFN-repair-300x281.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/QFN-repair-13x12.png 13w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc629f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc629f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnbziu6osXkCz1yrKMVPPfKf\"><strong>heatGeneral <\/strong><strong>QFN<\/strong><strong> Failures<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnY4AcFTBzgYhSC7w2HFjaBp\">Most of the failures of QFNs are associated with the <strong>soldering challenges at the underside that is not visible. <\/strong>An inadequate amount of solder on the perimeter pads can ruin the connection, but an excessive amount of solder is readily capable of making bridged connections between fine pins.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PHfVdKi8FoRawfxVcwocCFXJnUT\">The giant heat pad is more susceptible to <strong>trapped air holes<\/strong>, which incapacitate the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-thermal-management\/\">heat dissipation<\/a> and lead to overheating.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-W8X4dU5mSoSGyxxHD7SczaZ4nRd\">Also, non-uniform expansion during the reflow process can cause a condition known as<strong> tombstoning<\/strong>, where one end of the component is lifted entirely off the pad.<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d7d1ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d7d1ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnV3YjkbEQ1rPmIGlLjS0UCb\"><strong>Reworking Process of QFN <\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaYKUXIkYuP5nqyq52dEK0e\"><strong>Inspection and preparation: <\/strong>carefully examine the type, location, and severity of the defect <span style=\"color: #008000;\">using a<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">microscope<\/span>. If the defect is difficult to detect visually, it has to be tested using an<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> X-ray machine<\/span> to verify the presence of defects lurking behind the component.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TqYzdKjDyoiMnOxZBhBc3thynuc\">Prepare the PCB rework tools: Preheat station, hot air\/infrared rework station, flux and solder paste.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DwC3d6JxbofoE7xIC89cOlF8nUd\"><strong>Component removal:<\/strong> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Preheat the entire board<\/span> to avoid thermal shock, and <span style=\"color: #008000;\">heat the QFN using hot air\/infrared<\/span> according to the temperature profile and remove it once the solder has melted.<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79499c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79499c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Table: Optimal Temperature Range for QFN Repair<\/p>\n<table><colgroup><col width=\"105\" \/><col width=\"105\" \/><col width=\"105\" \/><col width=\"105\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff;\">Stage<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff;\">Temperature Range<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff;\">Time\/Rate<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff;\">Description<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Ramp (Preheating Stage)<\/td>\n<td>Up to 150 \u2103<\/td>\n<td>1\u20133 \u2103\/s<\/td>\n<td>Gradual heating to reduce thermal shock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Soak (Thermal Stabilization Stage)<\/td>\n<td>150\u2013180 \u2103<\/td>\n<td>60\u2013120 s<\/td>\n<td>Stabilizes board temperature, activates flux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Reflow (Peak Stage)<\/td>\n<td>230\u2013250 \u2103<\/td>\n<td>10\u201330 s<\/td>\n<td>Solder fully reflows, ensures wetting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Cooling (Solidification Stage)<\/td>\n<td>Room temperature<\/td>\n<td>\u22644 \u2103\/s<\/td>\n<td>Controlled cooling to prevent stress\/cracks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-322d879 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"322d879\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-SoSsdzcQmovQN4xKDnOcKPeHnCr\"><strong>Pad cleaning:<\/strong> Remove any residual solder with desoldering braid and clean the pads. Inspect the pads for lifting or damage and repair as necessary. Reapply solder paste to the PCB pads, controlling the quantity to prevent bridging\/voids. Pre-tin component leads if necessary.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JmaZdmX5JoT1chxnsvhcCuFGn50\"><strong>QFN<\/strong><strong> alignment reflow:<\/strong> Precisely align components with pins over matching pads. Reflow according to the temperature profile to ensure uniform heating and prevent tombstoning.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MAgzdx6MioV2iFxgoQVcveHMnqg\"><strong>Inspection and verification:<\/strong> X-rays inspect the solder joint quality and confirm that there are no bridges through a microscope. Perform electrical and functional testing to validate the success of the rework.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NALDdyH4Wok0e3x2Vi5ca6W6nqb\">Repairing BGAs and QFNs requires<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong> specialised inspection and repair equipment. <\/strong><\/span>For most individuals and manufacturers, <span style=\"color: #008000;\">seeking professional PCB rework service support is a better choice.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b43d581 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"b43d581\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/kmX_oLPy08o?si=qSGG30_8gNPhCQFy&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9c55e5 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a9c55e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Get  a Quick Quote<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9887b65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9887b65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddf75f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ddf75f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Locating and Repairing Cold Solder Joints<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-231e89e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"231e89e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"L6bLdyn2RodF8rxv1Ybcju0fnLs\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-IArIdCt3yoYfFJxT8gMcauxKnah\">\n<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwsniU9ts22ZtNF3EKTRzAh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/cold-solder-joint\/\">Cold solder joints<\/a> happen when solder is not melted thoroughly, resulting in a weak, unreliable physical and electrical connection. They may appear dull, grainy, and\/or cracked.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bb236f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4bb236f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnDiTn365IJQ2iRNLVBaKAWR\"><strong>Reasons and Fixes:<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnPMe4KNVWhiuVpnHAJzHSab\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Reason:<\/strong> Lack of sufficient heat in the initial soldering procedure, displacement prior to solder having set, or contamination at the pad or part lead.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYssTuzEHHhpMLQrIkjLwre\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Fix:<\/strong> Put flux on the connection, then reflow the connection with a soldering iron or hot air, and the right degree of heat and wetting to produce a smooth, shiny appearance.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65360c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"65360c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25b1563 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25b1563\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Corrosion and Contamination Control<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ffa107 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ffa107\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"L6bLdyn2RodF8rxv1Ybcju0fnLs\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RzIpdBUzIozNtWxYnLWcIAN7ntb\">\n<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcndxcHUpiaazEKRYG9b8sbdh\">One of the main killers of electronics is liquid damage. It is capable of instantaneously producing short circuits and corrosion that will eventually make a hole through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/pcb-trace-thickness\/\">copper trace<\/a>s and component leads over time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee3b292 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee3b292\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnu5uNH0Syd6GD3IHIm5jBHd\"><strong>Repair Steps:<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzq17PAIx19lHGspCinlqJa\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Cleaning:<\/strong> A complete cleaning with &gt;90% isopropyl alcohol and a soft brush is always the first step. Specialized cleaning may be necessary, especially when dealing with serious corrosion.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmhdptALWQhLN1z1f6Ulg5g\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Inspection:<\/strong> High magnification inspection should be performed to examine green\/blue corrosion on prints, under components, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-connectors\/\">connectors<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnttzvsCDssJs5QU5d1R2KWf\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Scraping and repair:<\/strong> Light corrosion may be scraped off, and the trace re-tinned using solder. Extensive corrosion that has corroded out a trace will need the trace repair procedure listed above.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ca2e9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7ca2e9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b3cfd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3b3cfd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Lifted Pads &amp; Damaged Vias<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-144ea8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"144ea8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5759d27\" data-id=\"5759d27\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7942317 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7942317\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"L6bLdyn2RodF8rxv1Ybcju0fnLs\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-X0yedT5GxoSRg9xp4MCcdaRrnhe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnLGLKshnIiVpxbV0sz7Julh\"><strong>Lifted pads<\/strong> are caused by excessive mechanical force that separates the copper pad from the PCB substrate, frequent rework, or overheating.<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUvAo9olYGvhWN0EdSypIid\" data-list=\"bullet\">Repairing methods: After cleaning the area, epoxy adhesive is used to fix the pad. A tiny <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/what-is-a-jumper-in-a-circuit-board\/\">jumper wire<\/a> is used to restore continuity if the electrical connection is interrupted. To prevent more damage, careful heat control is required.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vias join various <\/strong><strong>PCB<\/strong><strong> layers and can break <\/strong>because of improper handling during rework, heat stress, or drilling flaws.<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGimSH5Sb8r7C9cmpW9yrJf\">Repair methods: Copper rivets or tiny wires can be used to repair damaged vias. Conductive epoxy is sometimes used to restore interlayer connectivity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-688ba04c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"688ba04c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c2fc7ea\" data-id=\"3c2fc7ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37342720 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37342720\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79273b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79273b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"EXgrdhT5poSlBlxgUlKcJ1OWnqd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuWbNlx83yMuBchlTuC2nLd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"L6bLdyn2RodF8rxv1Ybcju0fnLs\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OSjAdFiFboASlIxKzFwcKk5knsA\">\n<div data-page-id=\"KIa8d0Gx8o0UBNx8xUwc4Dc7ngc\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngmvkB7XNnpAp49kvSuxRGh\">Professional PCB repair is a careful art that combines diagnostic expertise with a surgeon-like skill. Effectively solving BGA, QFN, trace damage, and corrosion issues necessitates the correct tools, such as microscopes, rework stations, and, in many cases, X-ray equipment, a thorough understanding of the thermal and physical tolerances of the board, and an interest in applying it.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnVkNT1Oef8dizHEglZOjfXc\">When the project is a board that has a suspected BGA failure, QFN concerns, or there is a lot of physical damage to the board, the <strong>best course of action is to work with a specialist.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnVkNT1Oef8dizHEglZOjfXc\">To get the <span style=\"color: #008000;\">professional diagnosis and repair services that meet the highest standards of quality<\/span>, <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\">contact ELEPCB<\/a> to have a professional consultation and a quote.<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00fccbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"00fccbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>FAQ<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f9f4f7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"6f9f4f7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q1: What tools are required for advanced PCB rework?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<p>A1: Advanced PCB rework requires specialized equipment such as hot air or infrared rework stations with preheaters, precision soldering irons, and quality flux. Inspection tools like microscopes or X-ray machines help verify hidden joints, while solder wick, tweezers, and vacuum pick-up tools ensure precise component handling. Cleaning with isopropyl alcohol and proper ESD protection is also essential for reliable results.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q2: What is the quick method to identify the failure of a BGA without accessing an X-ray machine?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BWQ0dJKPTovPhYx6XTfc9xMAngc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ZGjidQpZuouEMuxnruBcR4Ujndg\">A2: Diagnosis is indirect and drawn inferentially without an X-ray. Typical methods include placing moderate pressure against the component with the board powered up to detect whether the problem is intermittent (usually indicative of a cracked joint) or the use of a thermal camera to detect an overheating component that has shorted out. Nonetheless, X-ray inspection is usually necessary to provide conclusive evidence.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q3: Are Random Restarts or spotty trouble signs of a BGA problem?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\">A3: Yes. A typical symptom of BGA failing solder joints is intermittent failures. Cracked joints swell and shrink as the device warms and cools, making and breaking contact in the meantime. These are problems frequently observed in game consoles, GPUs, and mobile phones.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q4: One of the components in the router overheats and switches off. Is this a QFN problem?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\">\n<p>A4: Yes, this is one of the usual symptoms of a bad thermo-connection (on a QFN package). If there are holes or dislodged solder below the large centrally located pad, heat transfers to the PCB, causing the chip to overheat, and thermal protection activates. Repair requires breaking the component, re-soldering it, and remounting it so that the thermal path is solid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72b68d12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72b68d12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46a34694\" data-id=\"46a34694\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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Address\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"email\" name=\"form_fields[message]\" id=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-tel elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_373bda7 elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhone Number\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"tel\" name=\"form_fields[field_373bda7]\" id=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" pattern=\"[0-9()#&amp;+*-=.]+\" title=\"Csak a sz\u00e1mok \u00e9s telefonkarakterek (#, -, * stb.) fogadhat\u00f3k el.\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-checkbox elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_c168eb1 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI am interested in (select all that apply)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-subgroup  elementor-subgroup-inline\"><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\">Rigid PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\">Flexible Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Aluminum PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\">Flexible Aluminum PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible PCB Microcircuits\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\">Flexible PCB Microcircuits<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\">Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid-Flex\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\">Rigid-Flex<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\">Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\">Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Copper Core\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\">Copper Core<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"IC Substrates &amp; Interposer\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\">IC Substrates & Interposer<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"High TG PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\">High TG PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Heavy Copper\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\">Heavy Copper<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"PCB Assembly\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\">PCB Assembly<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Components Sourcing\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\">Components Sourcing<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Other\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\">Other<\/label><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-upload elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_2cea676 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUpload Your Files (Optional)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"file\" name=\"form_fields[field_2cea676]\" id=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-upload-field\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_9ceb2c8 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMessage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field  elementor-size-sm\" name=\"form_fields[field_9ceb2c8]\" id=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Submit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-123957a9\" data-id=\"123957a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents Printed circuit board (PCB) rework is not only basic repair, such as replacing a capacitor or resistor. Modern high-density PCBs, featuring BGA and QFN packages, fine traces, and multiple layers, present challenges that extend far beyond basic repair skills. If mishandled, defects such as cold solder joints, pad lift, or corrosion can [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":21392,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[252,233],"class_list":["post-21390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-pcb-repair","tag-pcb-technique"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21390"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21410,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21390\/revisions\/21410"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}