{"id":21876,"date":"2026-02-18T15:43:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T07:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/?p=21876"},"modified":"2026-02-03T16:49:47","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T08:49:47","slug":"pcb-components","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/blog\/pcb-components\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00f6z\u00f6s PCB-\u00f6sszetev\u0151k: T\u00edpusok, szimb\u00f3lumok \u00e9s azonos\u00edt\u00e1si \u00fatmutat\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21876\" class=\"elementor elementor-21876\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59efb455 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59efb455\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31117e29\" data-id=\"31117e29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34edcfc0 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"34edcfc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-791d4b63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"791d4b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"MMJ3dYqfMo488CxSgojc9hJ2nxR\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzwWQ93rSlNWaDOzmxWNHbg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PjvLdozttokd6JxbqMlck9o0ngg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnD6GQVSvuMfvrKwaFEBoavd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"IvVMdpqGXoW5mAx2lnEcTBVanze\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WPYWdY2xOo66vWxlZDUchLMWnCc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"A5AldwZDtoPcSgxUuyfcA5WRnNf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Qi4JdNEs7ooXzexWItFcKPLMnwe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"W0NLdprAJoBJO7xxJjWcKNxVneb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngYZVqZDy4LgfSfF8s5haeh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"J2QMdavk0oD5sPxTbU8cEnVUnzd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjtx7NbCQ1Ki4arDshpR2Uc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"J2QMdavk0oD5sPxTbU8cEnVUnzd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjtx7NbCQ1Ki4arDshpR2Uc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DFOfdWaHroRYmVxVW0acvcpVn7d\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TRkadMuXIoQixpxQZUUcBYTbnmg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"AxBJd9tDooJT9BxmRHLc2n0CnGj\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CYzidwIMxoeeQ2x0rHRcIx62nPc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YAw8dOcYOoxkCIxJmsccHhEBnAd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UbPIdxFahov51zxhVGjcScx4nRe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ZxVZdCXe7odwGbx9tLYcJi75nqd\">Take out any circuit board and you will be dazzled by the dense array of tiny components. These components are the &#8220;<em>cells&#8221; <\/em>of electronic circuits, each performing its own role while working together. Understanding how these components function is essential for reading circuit schematics and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-failure-and-common-issues\/\">troubleshooting faults<\/a>.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KlWud4l2Ro1EUmxkvr8c2Uyan1c\">Today, ELEPCB will take you deep into the world of electronics. We&#8217;ll clearly explain the functions and symbols of the most fundamental components, such as resistors, capacitors and inductors, as well as core components like diodes and transistors, and integrated circuits and switches. With practical examples, you will gain a complete understanding.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6598f962 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6598f962\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18217549\" data-id=\"18217549\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b870758 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b870758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b53cd9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b53cd9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71908f17\" data-id=\"71908f17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4fa2ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a4fa2ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>What are PCB Components<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ed85fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ed85fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-921a683\" data-id=\"921a683\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2094965 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2094965\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PjvLdozttokd6JxbqMlck9o0ngg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn9rWBNE0z7cGNNkCj3Vewue\">\n<div data-page-id=\"IvVMdpqGXoW5mAx2lnEcTBVanze\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CUrldvH4lo98zkxV4rhcyjfHnWg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"A5AldwZDtoPcSgxUuyfcA5WRnNf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-IZV1dOfeRov4Ffx357rcuRf1nIg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"W0NLdprAJoBJO7xxJjWcKNxVneb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn1sFD6Cz2Gf5Xv3S33USQLb\">\n<div data-page-id=\"J2QMdavk0oD5sPxTbU8cEnVUnzd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKOdPQO42f3n7IOrCrWi2Fc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DFOfdWaHroRYmVxVW0acvcpVn7d\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn3f9pSZlIn9QMW5ydGoKIKg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"AxBJd9tDooJT9BxmRHLc2n0CnGj\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmjaXUVu8adRPwuOvlFdH3g\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YAw8dOcYOoxkCIxJmsccHhEBnAd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-V2MEdqmseoStffxLMcxc43dGnvh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnb0pY9pP6QhQPQShp2CGeye\">A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/printed-circuit-board-types-and-their-uses\/\">Printed Circuit Board (PCB)<\/a> provides an electrical path and a mechanical base for various electronic devices. The electrical circuit path on the PCB is completed only after the use of electrical components, which are referred to as PCB components. For the PCB to work effectively, each component must function properly without giving faulty output. The components used in PCBs can vary from one PCB to another according to the area of application of the given PCB. Components are mounted on the PCB through two methods:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94b92b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94b92b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnbeQVwjKMrNTkKmVAFb90pe\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/what-is-through-hole-pcb\/\"><strong>Through-Hole<\/strong><\/a><strong> Technology (THT): <\/strong>It is a method of placing components onto a PCB by drilling them into the holes.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzTS2fmHA1OAn9xSUtSBVNf\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/smt-pcb-service\/\"><strong>Surface Mount Technology (<\/strong><strong>SMT<\/strong><\/a><strong><a href=\"_wp_link_placeholder\">)<\/a>: <\/strong>It is a method of placing components directly into the surface of the PCB without the need for drilling. The device made for SMT is known as a Surface Mount Device (SMD).<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmQeYluskx2C6lY2oENerMf\">Some of the basic PCB components are described as follows:<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46e63d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"46e63d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"509\" height=\"509\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pcb-trace-current-capblility.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21862\" alt=\"pcb trace current capblility\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pcb-trace-current-capblility.png 509w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pcb-trace-current-capblility-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pcb-trace-current-capblility-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pcb-trace-current-capblility-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 509px) 100vw, 509px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c8f480 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0c8f480\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Passive Components<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dc7d95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8dc7d95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"J2QMdavk0oD5sPxTbU8cEnVUnzd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DFOfdWaHroRYmVxVW0acvcpVn7d\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"AxBJd9tDooJT9BxmRHLc2n0CnGj\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-SM1RdqCjnokYFyxwomNcUqLYnOh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YAw8dOcYOoxkCIxJmsccHhEBnAd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-P97Tdr669o6iRtxqrPZcXC7cneh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqsKUS4O8Cf5EffvRUfMWxd\">These are the electrical components that do not require an external power source to function. Some passive electrical components used in PCB are:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0758790 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0758790\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"AxBJd9tDooJT9BxmRHLc2n0CnGj\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"true\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YAw8dOcYOoxkCIxJmsccHhEBnAd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnlfFwcri6Pfgl1BIAWGRNeb\"><strong>Resistors<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnw5JFKFoqTPv2B1VHtEeUph\">A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/how-to-read-resistor-color-codes\/\">resistor<\/a> is an electrical component that restricts the electric current. The resistance of a resistor is measured in Ohms (\ud835\udfa8). It helps in limiting current, dividing voltage, managing power distribution, and filtering signals. To identify a resistor on a PCB, we should first <strong>determine whether it is mounted using THT or SMT<\/strong>. If the resistor is mounted using THT, we need to understand the colour-coded ring used to determine its value. Otherwise, for SMT-mounted resistors, we should decode the numbers printed on the small rectangular component.<\/div>\n<div>\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwM9P5qEQeEv2IjLLovCrih\">Let\u2019s study how to read these two types of resistors.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8388fbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8388fbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/resistors.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21881\" alt=\"resistors\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/resistors.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/resistors-300x128.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/resistors-768x327.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/resistors-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7edfab3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7edfab3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnockpb3YzlQhEuaqR1znE9e\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Reading <\/strong><strong>THT<\/strong><strong> resistors<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnnEVj2ndZpwe7XJ0b4GNNWf\">Different types of colour-coded ring resistors can be of three, four, five, and six ring configurations. Among these, the four-ring configuration is mostly used. For a four-ring resistor, the first two rings are used to read the resistance value, the third ring represents the multiplier, and the last ring indicates the tolerance.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnvG0ZI4IkgufeA4U0W343Ag\">For example, if a four-ring resistor has red, red, silver, and gold bands. Red color of resistor refers to the value of 2 2, silver is the multiplier 0.01, and gold shows a tolerance of \u00b15%. So, the resistance is 0.22 \u03a9, and it can vary slightly between 0.21 \u03a9 and 0.23 \u03a9 because of the tolerance.<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df178cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df178cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIVZVfrujp0kbcCNCXGSq1b\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Reading SMD resistors<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEvKy6vDdLjk6KKRyMWuEdg\">There are different standards for defining code in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/smd-component-surface-mount-device-in-pcb-assembly\/\">SMD<\/a> resistors that can be three-digit system, four-digit system, and alphanumeric value according to the resistor size and precision. In the three-digit system, the first two digits represent the resistance value, and the third digit represents the multiplier.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnnPakqpIEzD6OGEV02zSeoe\">For example: If it is written 103 on a resistor, the resistance value will be 10 \u00d7 10^3 \ud835\udfa8.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnPRzVA3BJuAcvwQbSgOuvxf\">Further, the resistor value can be tested using a multimeter. But the resistor must be isolated to measure its value using a multimeter.<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28df573 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28df573\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"YAw8dOcYOoxkCIxJmsccHhEBnAd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjaquDBivzZvTXtK8BgY8Bf\"><strong>Capacitors<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqL74QJmIsFeMoa8BJS5gwg\">A capacitor is a component that stores electrical energy in an electric field and releases it when required. It is used in decoupling, filtering, power backup, and creating timing intervals. In PCB, the capacitor is placed along with the information like capacitance value, voltage rating, tolerance, temperature coefficient, date code, polarity, and logo.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-V3PtdqHvqo5SW9xmPYqcqoNhnmb\">The standard unit of capacitance is Farad (F), which is a large unit for the capacitor components on the PCB. So, units like microfarad (\u03bcF), nano-farad (nF), and picofarad (pF) are used in PCB capacitors. Capacitors usually show their value on the body in pF format.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7e9b9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7e9b9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"YAw8dOcYOoxkCIxJmsccHhEBnAd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Otb7djMOvoo7gJx63RRc3Ac4nxb\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WM4ydherWoo9TZxhT3fcqZmtnyf\">There are two types of PCB capacitors: THT and SMD capacitors. Unlike resistors, the identification technique for both THT and SMD capacitors is similar. A three-digit code is printed on the capacitor. Here, the first two digits represent the value, followed by the third digit that represents the multiplier.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6bccf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6bccf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"YAw8dOcYOoxkCIxJmsccHhEBnAd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HgmudzuWAozW7BxcXH7cVVMNnUi\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnceXHZQU0df2YmKRLGhudGd\">For example, the value of 104 can be read as 10 \u00d7 10^4 \u03bcF.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn5zhyy868WX4zmhz4mvgN2e\">Additionally, the three-digit number is followed by a letter that represents the capacitance tolerance.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYc1TspDxt8yT0F8tq53nhD\">For example: If the code is 104J, this \u2018J\u2019 represents the tolerance of \u00b15%.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51e9634 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"51e9634\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Capacitors.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21880\" alt=\"Capacitors\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Capacitors.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Capacitors-300x128.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Capacitors-768x327.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Capacitors-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1c431f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1c431f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnplx11Ae95PeWIAo1XpAGtb\">\n<div>\n<div>Though capacitors have general coding types, there are different types of capacitors used as PCB components that vary in their shape, size, and function. Some of the <strong>common types of capacitors<\/strong> are:<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn9yQr19TpuJEO1c76EajCsg\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Ceramic Capacitor:<\/strong> It is very small, usually disc-shaped as a THT component and rectangular as an SMD component on PCB. It has no polarity.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8IRrAP8voBtlF06k63ct1g\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Electrolytic Capacitor: <\/strong>It is a polar capacitor with a cylindrical shape on the PCB. The negative (-) lead is marked.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwyeywjD1RPuIISNG1B5tgd\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Tantalum Capacitor: <\/strong>It is small, rectangular in shape, and the positive (+) lead is marked.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqMiwXdhx16wRGYT92giQse\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Film Capacitor:<\/strong> It is a box-shaped or rectangular-shaped capacitor that is bigger in size than a ceramic capacitor but smaller than an electrolytic one. It has no polarity.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnZYRn9hjy1eK2frXhDQnspc\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Super Capacitor:<\/strong> It is the largest capacitor, cylindrical or coin-shaped, on the PCB.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11ea414 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11ea414\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"YAw8dOcYOoxkCIxJmsccHhEBnAd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Hdxddmfz8oLHGgxr6KTcJnc5nEh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcny6O66dweQBXgW3L6Rsl99g\"><strong>Inductors<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngpMYuQHdIRb1GgJEIBv1IH\">An inductor is a component that stores energy in a magnetic field and releases it when needed. Inductors are made by winding a conductor into a coil, either around a magnetic core or with no core (air-core). It is used for regulating current, stabilizing voltage, filtering high-frequency noise, tuning frequency, converting power, reducing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-shielding-basics-to-emi-and-rfi\/\">electromagnetic interference (EMI)<\/a>, and smoothing output current.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TjHrdV0mdoxktqxZAPwcrUzFnvg\">The standard unit of inductance is Henry (H), but in general, the inductance value is represented by microhenry (\u03bcH). SMD inductors use a three-digit code similar to resistors and capacitors, whereas through-hole axial inductors use color codes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cf0369 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3cf0369\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnBSMnixKrsNd8PjCseaOtvc\">For example, if the value is written as 104, it can be decoded as 10 \u00d7 10^4 pH. The three-digit number is followed by a letter that represents the inductance tolerance. If the code is 104J, this \u2018J\u2019 represents the tolerance of \u00b15%.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnDcYsErZGqw2CcXGeMDBKLb\">If there is a letter in the middle of two digits, it represents either a decimal point or a unit of inductance.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RjLsdz9XhomI1dxQQF7cW1e0nWc\">For example: 6R8 = 6.8 \u03bcH. Here, \u2018R\u2019 represents the decimal point.<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f319bbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f319bbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Inductors.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21879\" alt=\"Inductors\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Inductors.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Inductors-300x128.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Inductors-768x327.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Inductors-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7107d7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7107d7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"YAw8dOcYOoxkCIxJmsccHhEBnAd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MmtYdBsI9ofDqZxkn1jcnoH5nHh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUYcJkXXTQcThbGTLWHnLBf\">In the case of a through-hole axial inductor, color coding can be of three, four, or five bands. In three-band coding, the first and second colors represent the first and second numbers of values of the inductor, respectively, and the third band represents the multiplier.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnB2NveSe2SVuVxflZHCqLqd\">In PCB, an inductor can be recognized by the coil structure with different cores, such as:<\/div>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnijP6UnBROAmUd5shhWm6gd\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Air-core <\/strong><strong>Inductor<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> It is small in size and is visible as a copper coil on the PCB.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnp7rY3CiZ5Ng6ORhcRfuStc\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Ferrite-core <\/strong><strong>Inductor<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> It consists of copper wire wound on a dark ferrite core. It has a cylindrical or rod-shaped structure.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEzVvG0Tm3JT5m1g3iXkuGg\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Iron Powder <\/strong><strong>Inductor<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> In this type, the core is often painted with yellow, red, or green colors. It has a drum-shaped structure.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnss2BooqdL1VSVJ6JSN9Pfc\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Power <\/strong><strong>Inductor<\/strong><strong> (Iron-core):<\/strong> It is large and bulky with a square shape or shielded block, mostly placed as an SMD component on PCB.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnbLtFAL0YE4TLRTmocmW9oh\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Toroidal-core <\/strong><strong>Inductor<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> It has a donut-shaped core where wire is wound uniformly around the ring. It is generally placed with THT on the PCB.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a33bac1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a33bac1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d1303b\" data-id=\"9d1303b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01d68b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c01d68b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-423dd15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"423dd15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Active Components<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e66416d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e66416d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"DFOfdWaHroRYmVxVW0acvcpVn7d\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOOtG6jVJVpZqYJT0WNUEiS\">\n<div data-page-id=\"AxBJd9tDooJT9BxmRHLc2n0CnGj\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzJHwUA1nFAdlMl0sJDgxhh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YAw8dOcYOoxkCIxJmsccHhEBnAd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ImR4d6RnQoSfuVxKNYJcyCxIn1d\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2eZ2axEfHrSjm5KYD4Xgiu\">\n<div>\n<div>A diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in only one direction, facilitating power conversion (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/can-you-use-ac-in-a-pcb\/\">AC to DC<\/a>), voltage regulation, circuit protection, signal and current path control. Diodes are often designed in a cylindrical shape for THT and a black rectangular shape for SMT. It has a white or silver color strip on one end that indicates the cathode terminal. To identify specific diodes on PCB, reliable datasheets must be read carefully, as codes are specific to the manufacturer and may not follow the universal standard. Some identification codes for a diode are:<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnBDHTyV6oH7DuRghOJvWHxh\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>Alphanumeric codes<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEz5XklpWM967SSjdtrZwng\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>Package type<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnhw6xvcVeH5VlSJYkMFskPg\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>Manufacturer logo<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnFevn4K5JG8tUfIkujVHqSc\">For example, an alphanumeric code \u2018T4\u2019 represents a BAS16 high-speed switching diode and package type of SOD-123.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a1a149 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a1a149\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PyNsdeNpBoMbpFxWA1wcOsrFnBc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnpMe4dXuc3e65jkUgVFQP9d\"><strong>Transistors<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn54SERcQHiFMqG0CJsgHKRb\">A transistor is a semiconductor device with three layers used for current regulation, amplification, and switching. The transistor acts as a switch that turns on and off the current. A transistor can be either a current-controlled Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) or a voltage-controlled Field-Effect Transistor (FET). A PCB transistor can be recognized by its three pins, with terminals indicated by a flat side, a notch, a dot, or a tab on the package.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TU7wdFNFjoQbr9x7pFFcSSo7nad\">Similar to the diodes, for identifying a specific transistor on a PCB, the code on the device must be checked against the manufacturer\u2019s datasheet, as it <strong>doesn\u2019t follow universal standards<\/strong>. For example, PCB transistors have code like BC547 printed on their bodies. For further identification, we should consult the datasheet.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6db274e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6db274e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JtKTdgBFLoAb80xjseLcObswnbc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnt7lpqaV4BldIYk5bbk41Tc\"><strong>Integrated Circuits<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQvLGlca3CLmtH47Uj5SpRb\">An <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/integrated-circuit\/\">Integrated Circuit (IC)<\/a> is a tiny chip that is compactly designed with a combination of electrical components like resistors, transistors, and capacitors. It integrates multiple functions into a single chip. ICs are used in many electronic devices for data processing, powering, and controlling signals. ICs can be analog, digital, mixed, or power ICs. PCB IC has many pins with a notch or a dot representing pin 1. The body of IC contains code that can be further studied by using a datasheet.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYeBzYvR5Y82ULxmfmjyl5g\">For example, LM358 printed on an IC denotes a dual operational amplifier whose pin configuration must be read further in the datasheet.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cb39f80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cb39f80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-03894e7\" data-id=\"03894e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7c07a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d7c07a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6ec1e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d6ec1e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Electromechanical Components<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4b41b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4b41b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGDczRKDuLCU3g4NRUogjxe\">As the name suggests, electromechanical components are electronic components that combine both electrical and physical functions. Basically, they connect the different parts of the system.<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e62b63d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e62b63d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnkICW8fBojEZ2HbMaXfeAmc\"><strong>Connectors<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnd9JoVaTkWDTuV5vBgdfxVg\">\n<div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-connectors\/\">Connectors<\/a> are used to connect one part of the circuit to another or to connect the PCB with external devices. They are designed to carry power or signals as per the requirement. Connectors can be placed on PCB by THT or SMT, based on their design. Some of the connectors are:<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn22dJLnuVjNrcLFta51bEwh\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Universal Serial Bus<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>USB<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong> It is used to provide a power signal or data transfer between devices. It has a rectangular shape with four or more pins inside.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoeNZe23nwTnjTWfN2v1i0g\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>High Definition Multimedia Interface<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong>HDMI<\/strong><strong>): <\/strong>It is used to transmit audio and video. It has a larger trapezoidal shape with many pins inside. In standard HDMI, 19 pins are used.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnfpUFA4UReQ6jGGmvEOxwvw\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Header <\/strong><strong>Pin<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> It is used to connect a wire or a device in prototyping.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2582d42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2582d42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4NjTBpuw4FJCJPufGd231b\"><strong>Switches<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQI02VIC8CqdxPVxv1VK3df\">Switches are the mechanical component that allows turning on and off circuits. While selecting switches for PCB, voltage rating, mechanical durability, operating force, and environmental resistance must be studied. Switches come in many forms that can be activated either by pressing, sliding, rotating, or other actions based on their design. Some common switches are:<\/div>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcntMT75bN2b8c3NdP2S00N3f\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Tactile <\/strong><strong>Switch<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> It activates when pressed. It is commonly used in keypads, control panels, and small electronic devices.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnF7qGpj9C9F9LHqSXn8whke\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Slide <\/strong><strong>Switch<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> It has a sliding option for different mode selection.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4ZO0D9IllQdOQZIitphMyb\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Rotary <\/strong><strong>Switch<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>It has a circular arrangement where multiple functions can be selected for different functions, channels, and settings.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnv7rgHo8CRmBZGaaR1OBted\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Dual In-Line Package (Dip) <\/strong><strong>Switch<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> It contains multiple individual switches in packages that are used for configuration on a PCB.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7e1977 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7e1977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnadmKsdbFa1JRWhRADo0hHg\"><strong>Relays<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnW1DW1e4g2P70rSPSulEswb\">Relays are the electromechanical switches that operate automatically without manual intervention. They use electrical signals to control electrical circuits. They provide electrical isolation between power circuits and the load. While selecting relays for PCB, electrical rating, contact configuration, and environmental resistance must be taken into consideration.<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8b41eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8b41eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnLoVp8M6OZNFElSVBl7uUh8\"><strong>Fuses<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnq3ldCqLHOM6xoyTNzvXV9e\">Fuses are small electronic devices directly mounted on a PCB that protect sensitive components from damage caused by short circuits or overload. Fuses interrupt current flow, which prevents circuits from overheating or catching fire. They are placed near the power source. While adding fuses on the PCB, the breaking capacity and electrical rating must be considered.<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-168425f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"168425f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-08f2d94\" data-id=\"08f2d94\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a254226 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a254226\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>How to Read PCB Components Symbols<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-624328b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"624328b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"A5AldwZDtoPcSgxUuyfcA5WRnNf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CfRodbvorozSB9xLeescRYHrnBb\">\n<div data-page-id=\"W0NLdprAJoBJO7xxJjWcKNxVneb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMABE7jR21se56ufMJP19eg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"J2QMdavk0oD5sPxTbU8cEnVUnzd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWOgT3vIIkNjfZkASrlkBSG\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DFOfdWaHroRYmVxVW0acvcpVn7d\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAJ5JwvKY8k3voqlXgZf03d\">\n<div data-page-id=\"AxBJd9tDooJT9BxmRHLc2n0CnGj\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AerddF1rMoHgGpxQVwYcbeIUndc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YAw8dOcYOoxkCIxJmsccHhEBnAd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OXukdNN8vokJ8Vx71xpcX7GmnIg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnZ8YMTrfVg7dgMpyX6OscWh\">\n<div>\n<div>On a modern PCB, each component is typically labelled with a reference designator. This is a standardized alphanumeric code that identifies each component uniquely on the board and in the schematic. The common PCB components, along with reference designator letter codes, are shown in the picture below:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efc661c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"efc661c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PCB-components-symbols.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21882\" alt=\"PCB components symbols\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PCB-components-symbols.png 800w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PCB-components-symbols-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PCB-components-symbols-768x431.png 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PCB-components-symbols-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b75ddae elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b75ddae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eb78ee2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eb78ee2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-664ca3d\" data-id=\"664ca3d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-862987a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"862987a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Beginner Mistakes When Reading Symbols &amp; Tips<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f74bf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f74bf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"A5AldwZDtoPcSgxUuyfcA5WRnNf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CfRodbvorozSB9xLeescRYHrnBb\">\n<div data-page-id=\"W0NLdprAJoBJO7xxJjWcKNxVneb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMABE7jR21se56ufMJP19eg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"J2QMdavk0oD5sPxTbU8cEnVUnzd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWOgT3vIIkNjfZkASrlkBSG\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DFOfdWaHroRYmVxVW0acvcpVn7d\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAJ5JwvKY8k3voqlXgZf03d\">\n<div data-page-id=\"AxBJd9tDooJT9BxmRHLc2n0CnGj\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AerddF1rMoHgGpxQVwYcbeIUndc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YAw8dOcYOoxkCIxJmsccHhEBnAd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OXukdNN8vokJ8Vx71xpcX7GmnIg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnxAxzGK89RpQwYzq47R7Bad\">Beginners struggle with reading PCB symbols that might result in circuit damage. Some of the common beginner mistakes are:<\/div>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnnMYpvYHP4QlIFViBlqjNOh\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Ignoring reference designator: <\/strong>Beginners may not pay attention to the reference designator and misplace the component, resulting in PCB failure. Each component of PCB has a reference designator (such as R1, R12). The correct component must be placed in the correct location to avoid malfunctioning.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCjHKISGpJHd0jtNeGetYpe\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Overlooking polarity: <\/strong>Beginners may install polar components like diodes and capacitors in the reverse direction. Similarly, installing ICs without knowing the pin configuration is a common mistake. Remember that the polar components, like diodes and transistors, must be placed with the right orientation.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnH529SJivRK1wEPisulc6Hc\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Misidentifying component: <\/strong>Beginners may have problems identifying different components. Using active components instead of passive components or electromechanical components can change the way the circuit behaves. Sometimes, the physical inspection may not provide complete information about the components, so one should use a multimeter to test and select the right component.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2Mygq7EG8R7qH4NBzw6bie\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Confusing THT and SMD components: <\/strong>The same components can be of different shapes and sizes according to the way they are mounted on the PCB. So, confusion may arise in recognizing components.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnxhLndxxauI8ZgjRnkwRwKh\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Ignoring the codes on the component: <\/strong>Different components have different coding techniques. Some include color codes, while others have only numeric or alphanumeric values. Ignoring the alphabet while reading alphanumerical values may lead to serious damage to the component. Each number, alphabet, or rating in the code must be studied carefully before installation to avoid harming PCB circuits and PCB components.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnc3jCrWB8MYWGrCd6yeIiUd\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Not using the datasheet: <\/strong>Before installing the components, study the rating, operation, and function on the standard datasheet provided for the components. Guessing components or their function without a standard datasheet consultation is not recommended.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Atozd9kMSozGVHxXEKvc0DSqnbd\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Handle components with care: <\/strong>One should avoid touching component leads with bare hands to prevent corrosion or static damage.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Og4Ld8h0boSjCpxk7A6cMEjeneb\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div><strong>Double-check before powering the circuit: <\/strong>Before applying power, inspection of the work for misplaced components, solder bridges, or orientation errors is needed. A small mistake can destroy components or the entire PCB.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b44f7be elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b44f7be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c3a9b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c3a9b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fbe5909\" data-id=\"fbe5909\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a05c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1a05c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef0edc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef0edc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"A5AldwZDtoPcSgxUuyfcA5WRnNf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CfRodbvorozSB9xLeescRYHrnBb\">\n<div data-page-id=\"W0NLdprAJoBJO7xxJjWcKNxVneb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMABE7jR21se56ufMJP19eg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"J2QMdavk0oD5sPxTbU8cEnVUnzd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWOgT3vIIkNjfZkASrlkBSG\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DFOfdWaHroRYmVxVW0acvcpVn7d\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAJ5JwvKY8k3voqlXgZf03d\">\n<div data-page-id=\"AxBJd9tDooJT9BxmRHLc2n0CnGj\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AerddF1rMoHgGpxQVwYcbeIUndc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YAw8dOcYOoxkCIxJmsccHhEBnAd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OXukdNN8vokJ8Vx71xpcX7GmnIg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGUkocyECMcvN5G7pnkACTh\">To design an effective PCB, getting knowledge of the PCB components is a fundamental task. From recognizing the components to handling them with care and installing them effectively, working with PCBs is like working with pure patience and precision.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGUkocyECMcvN5G7pnkACTh\">As we\u2019ve explored, the process goes far beyond just knowing what a resistor or a capacitor looks like; it involves mastering the ability to decode complex markings, understand polarities, and navigate the differences between THT and SMT technologies. By utilizing the manufacturer&#8217;s datasheet and reading the reference designator carefully, we can avoid circuit failure.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d05e31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8d05e31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-688ba04c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"688ba04c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c2fc7ea\" data-id=\"3c2fc7ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00fccbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"00fccbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>FAQs<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f9f4f7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"6f9f4f7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q1: What is the difference between schematic symbols and PCB footprints?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<p>A1:<\/p>\n<div data-page-id=\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQZY1sS96xFeWCtKWSbkSQd\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>Schematic symbols are logical representations of electronic components used in circuit diagrams, whereas PCB footprints are physical representations of components on the PCB.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnH1Rtn4HSyxtRQI3ApoCg3c\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>Schematic symbols describe how the component functions in the circuit, whereas PCB footprints define the exact size, shape, and pad layout needed for soldering the component onto the board.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcncQb5CVULrobWgRAqHAu9vb\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>Schematic symbols are used during circuit design for creating schematic diagrams, whereas PCB footprints are used during PCB layout for placing components.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q2: What are the most common components used on a PCB?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BWQ0dJKPTovPhYx6XTfc9xMAngc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ZGjidQpZuouEMuxnruBcR4Ujndg\">\n<p>A2: The most common PCB components include <strong>resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, integrated circuits (<\/strong><strong>ICs<\/strong><strong>), connectors, and crystals<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q3: How do you identify PCB components using symbols and markings?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\">A3: PCB components can be identified by <strong>reference designators, schematic symbols, and physical markings<\/strong> on the board. For example, resistors are labeled with <strong>R<\/strong> and color codes, capacitors use <strong>C<\/strong> with value markings, and integrated circuits are marked as <strong>U<\/strong> or <strong>IC<\/strong>. By cross-checking the PCB silkscreen with the schematic, components can be accurately identified.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Q1: What is the difference between schematic symbols and PCB footprints?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<div data-page-id=\\\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\\\" data-lark-html-role=\\\"root\\\" data-docx-has-block-data=\\\"false\\\">\\n<div data-page-id=\\\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\\\" data-lark-html-role=\\\"root\\\" data-docx-has-block-data=\\\"false\\\">\\n<p>A1:<\\\/p>\\n<div data-page-id=\\\"WW9NdGlkfoosJgxjv9rcvqtsnme\\\" data-lark-html-role=\\\"root\\\" data-docx-has-block-data=\\\"false\\\">\\n<ul class=\\\"list-bullet1\\\">\\n<li class=\\\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQZY1sS96xFeWCtKWSbkSQd\\\" data-list=\\\"bullet\\\">\\n<div>Schematic symbols are logical representations of electronic components used in circuit diagrams, whereas PCB footprints are physical representations of components on the PCB.<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li class=\\\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnH1Rtn4HSyxtRQI3ApoCg3c\\\" data-list=\\\"bullet\\\">\\n<div>Schematic symbols describe how the component functions in the circuit, whereas PCB footprints define the exact size, shape, and pad layout needed for soldering the component onto the board.<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<li class=\\\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcncQb5CVULrobWgRAqHAu9vb\\\" data-list=\\\"bullet\\\">\\n<div>Schematic symbols are used during circuit design for creating schematic diagrams, whereas PCB footprints are used during PCB layout for placing components.<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/li>\\n<\\\/ul>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Q2: What are the most common components used on a PCB?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<div data-page-id=\\\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\\\" data-lark-html-role=\\\"root\\\" data-docx-has-block-data=\\\"false\\\">\\n<div class=\\\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BWQ0dJKPTovPhYx6XTfc9xMAngc\\\">\\n<div data-page-id=\\\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\\\" data-lark-html-role=\\\"root\\\" data-docx-has-block-data=\\\"false\\\">\\n<div class=\\\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ZGjidQpZuouEMuxnruBcR4Ujndg\\\">\\n<p>A2: The most common PCB components include <strong>resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, integrated circuits (<\\\/strong><strong>ICs<\\\/strong><strong>), connectors, and crystals<\\\/strong>.<\\\/p>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Q3: How do you identify PCB components using symbols and markings?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<div data-page-id=\\\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\\\" data-lark-html-role=\\\"root\\\" data-docx-has-block-data=\\\"false\\\">\\n<div class=\\\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\\\">\\n<div data-page-id=\\\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\\\" data-lark-html-role=\\\"root\\\" data-docx-has-block-data=\\\"false\\\">\\n<div class=\\\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\\\">A3: PCB components can be identified by <strong>reference designators, schematic symbols, and physical markings<\\\/strong> on the board. For example, resistors are labeled with <strong>R<\\\/strong> and color codes, capacitors use <strong>C<\\\/strong> with value markings, and integrated circuits are marked as <strong>U<\\\/strong> or <strong>IC<\\\/strong>. By cross-checking the PCB silkscreen with the schematic, components can be accurately identified.<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\\n<\\\/div>\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72b68d12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72b68d12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46a34694\" data-id=\"46a34694\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f5dff4 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src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15779\" alt=\"pcb and pcba products 1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8968fc1\" data-id=\"8968fc1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div 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margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 25px 0px 15px; text-align: center; max-width: 846px;\">We provide technical expertise form prototype through production, increasing speed to market by 20%.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Contact us below to start discussing your project with our Technical Experts today.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Whether you already have Gerber Files, submit a\u00a0Quick Quote\u00a0for free estimate.<\/p><\/div><\/form><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5782c747 elementor-button-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-form\" data-id=\"5782c747\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Submit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-123957a9\" data-id=\"123957a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents Take out any circuit board and you will be dazzled by the dense array of tiny components. These components are the &#8220;cells&#8221; of electronic circuits, each performing its own role while working together. Understanding how these components function is essential for reading circuit schematics and troubleshooting faults. Today, ELEPCB will take you [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":21877,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[134],"class_list":["post-21876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-pcb-design"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21876"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21876\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21890,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21876\/revisions\/21890"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21876"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}