{"id":9557,"date":"2024-04-22T03:23:04","date_gmt":"2024-04-22T03:23:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/?p=9557"},"modified":"2026-01-13T17:02:07","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T09:02:07","slug":"top-10-quality-issues-solutions-for-pcb-products","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/blog\/top-10-quality-issues-solutions-for-pcb-products\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 10 PCB min\u0151s\u00e9gi probl\u00e9m\u00e1k \u00e9s hogyan lehet \u0151ket kijav\u00edtani (2026 \u00fatmutat\u00f3)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"9557\" class=\"elementor elementor-9557\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-32f57a57 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"32f57a57\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61aaaa25\" data-id=\"61aaaa25\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-467e757b elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"467e757b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__467e757b\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__467e757b\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__467e757b\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2e76b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2e76b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"J5YXd7bpwozhxAxsGcAc42C6n9f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UGN4dnbego3m5BxZabBcwChonMc\">Printed circuit boards (PCBs) form the backbone of almost all modern-day electronic products. Even so, tiny PCB defects can result in faulty performance, compromised reliability, and costly product recalls. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-failure-and-common-issues\/\">Common PCB defects<\/a> such as delamination, unsolderable surfaces, warpage, exposed copper, and solder mask blistering are common at production stages. These faults affect device performance, add production cost, lower yield percentages, and harm brand reputation.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-IR7Oda1jxoKcqIxcKV8c5DlPnMb\">This blog introduces the top <strong>10 common PCB <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-quality-control\/\">quality<\/a> issues<\/strong> encountered in manufacturing and provides hands-on<strong> troubleshooting methods and solutions. As an original equipment<\/strong> manufacturer (OEM), an electronics manufacturing services (EMS) provider, or an engineer, this guide will <span style=\"color: #008000;\">help you pinpoint root causes, prevent repeat issues, and improve the overall dependability and performance of your PCB products.<\/span><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-74cb7d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"74cb7d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-532f130\" data-id=\"532f130\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d280f3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d280f3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3adef51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3adef51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-413df67\" data-id=\"413df67\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8748e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c8748e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>1. Delamination<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e843df3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e843df3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Delamination is a critical quality issue that can significantly impact the structural integrity and performance of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/product\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">PCB products<\/a>. It refers to the <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">separation or detachment of different <\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-layers\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">layers<\/a><\/span> within a PCB, resulting in reduced electrical conductivity, compromised <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/signal-integrity-in-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">signal integrity<\/a>, and potential failure of the circuit board.<\/p><div data-page-id=\"Tywedh7amoprwOxdXVscs8k4n9e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"J5YXd7bpwozhxAxsGcAc42C6n9f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Fpx6dNLssoPkwNxfaTic59dtnod\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Causes of PCB Delamination<\/strong><\/span><\/div><div>Delamination can occur due to various factors. The reasons for its occurrence may be roughly as follows:<\/div><\/div><\/div><div>(1) Improper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/guide-to-pcb-materials-and-features-of-fr-4-pcb-material\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">material<\/a> selection<\/div><div>(2) Inadequate lamination processes<\/div><div>(3) Exposure to excessive heat or moisture during <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-manufacturing-process-and-services\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">manufacturing<\/a> or operation<\/div><div>(4) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-layout-design-process-and-guidelines\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Design<\/a> selection and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/heavy-copper-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">copper<\/a> surface distribution is not good.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><div data-page-id=\"Tywedh7amoprwOxdXVscs8k4n9e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"J5YXd7bpwozhxAxsGcAc42C6n9f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HlRmdzsS1okbPXxA801cM04yn8b\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Solutions to Prevent Delamination<\/strong><\/span><\/div><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Ai9rdnITGoa1tPxwhtLc1jgxnWf\"><strong>Dealing with moisture:<\/strong> vacuum conductive bags or aluminum foil bags can be good protection against water vapor intrusion, while the bag is required to put the humidity indicator card. If the humidity card is found to exceed the standard before use, baking before going online can usually solve the problem, baking conditions are usually 120\u2103, 4H.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MD31dTo5xoHXBsxLYZMcOUJ3n1e\"><strong>PCB<\/strong><strong> reliability testing: <\/strong>In order to minimize the occurrence of such problems, special attention needs to be paid to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/top-10-china-pcb-manufacturers\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">PCB supplier<\/a>\u2019s management of the <strong>corresponding processes and layering reliability tests<\/strong>. Take the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-thermal-management\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">thermal<\/a> stress test in the reliability test as an example. A good factory\u2019s passing standard requires that there be no delamination more than 5 times, and it will be confirmed at the sample stage and each cycle of mass production, while an ordinary factory\u2019s passing standard may only be 2 times. The IR test of simulated placement can also prevent the leakage of defective products, which is a must for excellent PCB factories.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AUkAdIdBPocWUPxqshwca1NVnQc\"><strong>Optimizing <\/strong><strong>PCB<\/strong><strong> design: <\/strong>Of course PCB design can also bring the hidden danger of delamination. To minimize the risk:<ul><li>Use high glass transition temperature (Tg) materials: Employ PCB substrates having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 145\u00b0C or more, especially for lead-free processes. This improves thermal resistance and eliminates layer separation.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TkmZdVYhPop56Zx2DMUcDFvRnlc\">Optimize the copper layout: Avoid large exposed copper areas and highly dense buried via regions, which introduce stress points and promote delamination.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XtpFdDxZUoUBk2x3Rf3covcGnTc\">Design for thermal reliability: Maintain copper distribution in equilibrium and adequate layer piling to reduce thermal expansion variations board-to-board.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7d5ba2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f7d5ba2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>2. Poor Solderability<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aae31d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aae31d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Poor solderability refers to a condition where the solder does not properly adhere to the intended areas on a PCB, resulting in weak or unreliable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/soldering-defects\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">solder<\/a> joints. Possible issues are:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c605173 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c605173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><strong>ENIG Black <\/strong><strong>Pad<\/strong><\/h3><div data-page-id=\"Tywedh7amoprwOxdXVscs8k4n9e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WbNYdXTTIol0OOxfqjZcDLMYnfe\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/enepig\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">ENIG<\/a> Black Pad, also known as <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold Black Pad<\/span>, refers to a specific defect that can occur during the <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">surface finishing process<\/span> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/printed-circuit-board-types-and-their-uses\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">printed circuit boards<\/a> (PCBs). It is a condition where the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/gold-plated-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">gold-plated<\/a> surface exhibits a black or dark discoloration, rendering it visually unappealing and potentially compromising the functionality and reliability of the PCB.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6762039 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6762039\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-71ec443\" data-id=\"71ec443\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c38a20f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c38a20f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Black Pad is believed to be caused by a phenomenon known as <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">nickel corrosion or nickel phosphorus depletion<\/span>. It occurs when the nickel layer in the ENIG finish becomes <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">brittle, porous, or non-adherent<\/span> due to inadequate processing or the presence of impurities. As a result, the gold layer on top of the nickel may <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">appear black or dark<\/span>, indicating poor solderability and reduced reliability.<\/p><p>Preventing and mitigating Black Pad requires careful attention to the entire ENIG <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-surface-finish\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">surface finishing<\/a> process.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9fdc60\" data-id=\"d9fdc60\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08a5fd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"08a5fd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/black-pad-quality-issue-on-immersion-gold-pcb.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9576\" alt=\"Quality Issue - ENIG Black Pad - ELEPCB\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/black-pad-quality-issue-on-immersion-gold-pcb.webp 833w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/black-pad-quality-issue-on-immersion-gold-pcb-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/black-pad-quality-issue-on-immersion-gold-pcb-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-006b608 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"006b608\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Solutions:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><div data-page-id=\"Tywedh7amoprwOxdXVscs8k4n9e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Jgl6dZLMComGdLx8RcAcUY7Tnmb\">(1) <strong>Proper Process Control<\/strong>: Maintaining strict control over the ENIG process parameters, such as <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">solution composition, temperature, and deposition time<\/span>, can help ensure a consistent and reliable surface finish.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TFprd534momxhNx54hHcZwgqnJg\">(2) <strong>Surface Preparation<\/strong>: Thoroughly cleaning and preparing the PCB surface before applying the ENIG finish is crucial. This includes effective removal of any contaminants, oxide layers, or surface irregularities that may compromise the adhesion and quality of the ENIG finish.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BfWxdGCCtoho6sx6BdhcpkXVnyg\">(3) <strong>High-Quality Materials<\/strong>: Using high-quality electroless nickel and immersion gold solutions, free from impurities or contaminants, can contribute to a more robust and reliable ENIG finish.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ZZcSdiM1uokKyuxVdG8cRLGUnOe\">(4) <strong>Thorough <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-inspection\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Inspection<\/a><\/strong><strong> and Testing<\/strong>: Regular inspection and testing of the ENIG finish, including <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">visual examination, solderability testing, and reliability testing<\/span>, can help identify any potential Black Pad issues early on and allow for corrective actions to be taken.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e13da51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e13da51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><strong>Solder Mask Scum<\/strong><\/h3><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-solder-mask\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Solder mask<\/a><\/strong><strong> scum<\/strong>, also known as <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">solder mask residue or solder mask contamination<\/span>, refers to the presence of unwanted material or residue on the solder mask surface of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/how-does-the-circuit-board-works\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">printed circuit board<\/a> (PCB). It appears as a <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">thin layer or spots<\/span> of foreign substances, such as<span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> dust, oils, or other contaminants<\/span>, which can <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">negatively impact<\/span> the functionality, reliability, and aesthetics of the PCB.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>S<\/strong><b>olutions:<\/b><\/span><\/p><div data-page-id=\"Tywedh7amoprwOxdXVscs8k4n9e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MmCzdrUy8o2OMixCAqrcV16Znpc\">(1) <strong>Thorough Cleaning:<\/strong> Implementing <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">effective cleaning processes<\/span> after critical manufacturing steps, such as soldering or surface finishing, to remove flux residues or other contaminants from the PCB surface. This can be achieved through techniques like ultrasonic cleaning, solvent cleaning, or automated cleaning systems.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-LImwdNCb9ooQPpxFVxpcUrqnnzf\">(2) <strong>Controlled Curing Process:<\/strong> Ensuring the<span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> proper curing and <\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">hardening<\/span> of the solder mask material according to the manufacturer\u2019s recommendations and process specifications can help prevent incomplete curing and the formation of scum.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-838b2a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"838b2a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>3. PCB Warping<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7390b13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7390b13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PCB <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/bow-and-twist-of-pcb\/\">board warping<\/a> refers to the condition where a printed circuit board (PCB) exhibits a <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">non-flat or deformed shape<\/span>. Instead of being flat and rigid, the PCB may have a noticeable bend, twist, or curvature. This warping can occur during the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/electronics-manufacturing\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">manufacturing process<\/a> or as a result of environmental factors or stress applied to the PCB.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Causes of PCB board warping:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>(1) Inconsistencies in the manufacturing process, such as <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">improper material selection, inadequate temperature control<\/span> during lamination or soldering, and uneven distribution of copper layers, can lead to differential expansion or contraction and result in PCB warping.<\/p><div data-page-id=\"Tywedh7amoprwOxdXVscs8k4n9e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JtLbdOIOGo9y7MxIXjqcCHrFnJf\">(2) <strong>Thermal stress<\/strong> experienced during soldering processes, such as reflow soldering or wave soldering, can induce thermal gradients across the PCB, causing uneven expansion or contraction and contributing to warping.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Xg9MdWsiAoER5ox6Omiccjhun0b\">(3) <strong>Moisture absorption<\/strong>, often due to improper storage or sealing, can cause the PCB material to expand unevenly and lead to warping.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AnLqdhwEcoP4xrxqlR3cuMJlnac\">(4) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/mechanical-stress-in-pcb-coating\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Mechanical stress<\/a> from mishandling during assembly, improper mounting or installation, or excessive bending or flexing can <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">introduce stress and deform the <\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">PCB<\/span>.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69a7a79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"69a7a79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"133\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcb-warpage-1024x170.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9592\" alt=\"quality issue - pcb warping - elepcb\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcb-warpage-1024x170.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcb-warpage-300x50.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcb-warpage-768x127.png 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcb-warpage-1536x254.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcb-warpage-2048x339.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-453d007 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"453d007\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>consequences of PCB board warping<\/strong> <\/span>can include:<\/p><div data-page-id=\"J5YXd7bpwozhxAxsGcAc42C6n9f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VmeAdCahvoxJw0xVj9Tc4PUmn9e\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Component Misalignment:<\/strong> Warping can cause component misalignment, making mounting and soldering difficult, resulting in weak solder connections and potential component breakage.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-H6m0dlha4oiVqgxAkk1cydKqnbc\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Electrical Shorts or Opens:<\/strong> Warping can produce inadvertent contact or separation of traces, resulting in shorts or opens that can degrade circuit performance.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-E2XPdjkO7oxxhoxqwA6cItewn8d\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Mechanical Fit Issues:<\/strong> Warped PCBs may not fit properly in their enclosures, compromising the final product&#8217;s performance and dependability.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43e0e11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43e0e11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"J5YXd7bpwozhxAxsGcAc42C6n9f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Q2o5dTLFBo2dWgxwWSAcUwvGnqb\"><div data-page-id=\"J5YXd7bpwozhxAxsGcAc42C6n9f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-InGad1Q02o90dJxDfjWciU1Jnsd\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Solutions:<\/strong><\/span><\/div><\/div><ul><li><strong>Use High-Quality Materials:<\/strong> Choose high thermal stability and low water absorption substrates.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DRfsdLabJoDCPLxvrYMc9J0dnkL\"><strong>Control Lamination and Soldering:<\/strong> Use uniform temperature and pressure in lamination, reflow, or wave soldering.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M9dQdN9gVouTS8xR0IJcsyf2ncb\"><strong>Optimize Copper Distribution:<\/strong> Avoid uneven copper layers or excessive copper planes that can cause stress.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-IB0hdqAwRolh9lx4eQfc4aJwnpb\"><strong>Proper Storage and Handling: <\/strong>Store PCBs in humidity-controlled storage and assemble boards gently.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3772ecf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3772ecf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>4. Exposed Copper<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a26eb5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a26eb5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Exposed copper that is unintended or outside of the designated areas can result in several problems. It can lead to unintended electrical connections, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-short-circuit\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">short circuits<\/a>, or inadequate isolation between different circuit elements.<span style=\"color: #d83931;\"> Exposed copper areas that lack proper <\/span><span style=\"color: #d83931;\">solder mask<\/span><span style=\"color: #d83931;\"> coverage are susceptible to oxidation<\/span>, which can affect the solderability and long-term reliability of the PCB.<\/p><div data-page-id=\"Tywedh7amoprwOxdXVscs8k4n9e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WBDHdnvikoIBDexObtNcZbzand4\"><div data-page-id=\"J5YXd7bpwozhxAxsGcAc42C6n9f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EDhrdFwVVobm42xEFbPcOVrlnHb\"><strong>Solutions:<\/strong><\/div><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Dd6gdE1Q8oxS9Oxq8FEcSK0cnXe\">Offer correct solder mask alignment and full coverage to avoid unintentional exposure of copper.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Y1ivdjsINoXySvxvCyucHXyJnzf\">Employ finishes such as ENIG, OSP, or HASL to cover exposed copper areas against oxidation.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CMvyd8FQ3oi0lRx3yU1caN6LnXf\">Monitor etching and cleaning operations so that over-etching or inadequate mask coverage is prevented.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d58e9db elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d58e9db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>5. Poor Impedance<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63119d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"63119d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Poor impedance<\/strong> refers to a condition in which the<span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> impedance of a transmission line<\/span> or <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">an electrical circuit deviates<\/span> from the desired or specified value. Impedance is a measure of opposition to the flow of electrical current in a circuit and is typically characterized by resistance, inductance, and capacitance. This can lead to <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>various issues and consequences<\/strong><\/span>, including:<\/p><div data-page-id=\"Tywedh7amoprwOxdXVscs8k4n9e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KXbkdK5fBoodK9x4NlbcGhuZnnd\">(1) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/signal-integrity-in-pcb\/\"><strong>Signal Integrity Problems:<\/strong><\/a> Impedance mismatch can cause signal reflections and distortions, leading to signal degradation, loss of signal integrity, and reduced overall performance of the circuit.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Xgr8dnHBzoqkvhxQkOgcrlZYnob\">(2) <strong>Power Delivery<\/strong><strong> Issues:<\/strong> Inadequate impedance matching can affect the transmission of power in the circuit. It can lead to power losses, inefficient power transfer, and voltage drops, impacting the functionality of the circuit or system.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-IoBFdLbHlozagZxUv50cWIHtn54\">(3)<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-shielding-basics-to-emi-and-rfi\/\"> <strong>Electromagnetic Interference<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>EMI<\/strong><\/a><strong>):<\/strong> Poor impedance can contribute to increased electromagnetic interference effects. It can result in signal crosstalk between traces, susceptibility to noise, and radiation of electromagnetic waves, leading to EMI-related problems and reduced reliability.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-F68Ad5LUpoBHUNxjLwMcHlTMnSc\">(4) <strong>Timing and Synchronization Errors:<\/strong> Impedance mismatch can affect the timing and synchronization of signals in the circuit. It can lead to signal skew, propagation delays, and timing errors, which are particularly critical in high-speed digital circuits or communication systems.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2303c3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2303c3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/PCB-Design-Impedance-Matching_0.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9602\" alt=\"quality issue - poor impedance - elepcb\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/PCB-Design-Impedance-Matching_0.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/PCB-Design-Impedance-Matching_0-300x157.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99b05de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99b05de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The impedance of PCB is an important indicator related to the radio frequency performance of mobile phone boards. A common problem is that the impedance difference between PCB batches is relatively large. Since impedance test strips are usually made on the edge of the large PCB board and are not shipped with the board, the supplier can be asked to pay the batch of impedance strips and test reports for reference each time it is shipped, and it is also required to provide comparative data of board edge wire diameter and board internal wire diameter.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f397c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f397c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>6. BGA Solder Voids<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28115f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28115f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGA solder voids refer to the presence of empty spaces or gaps within the solder joints of a ball grid array (BGA) component. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/bga-pcb-assembly\/\">BGA<\/a> is a type of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/smt-pcb-service\/\">surface-mount<\/a> integrated circuit package that uses an array of solder balls on the underside of the package to establish electrical connections with the PCB.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-76098bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"76098bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4625145\" data-id=\"4625145\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeb1fef elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aeb1fef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/BGA-solder-joint-detection-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9606\" alt=\"quality issue - bga solder void - elepcb\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/BGA-solder-joint-detection-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/BGA-solder-joint-detection-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/BGA-solder-joint-detection-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/BGA-solder-joint-detection.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d64f826\" data-id=\"d64f826\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa843e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fa843e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"644\" height=\"433\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/BGA-gas-voids-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9607\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/BGA-gas-voids-1.jpg 644w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/BGA-gas-voids-1-300x202.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 644px) 100vw, 644px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0516092 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0516092\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This type of failure may occur due to <span style=\"color: #800000;\">residual liquid or impurities in the PCB holes that vaporize after high temperature, or poor laser hole pattern on the BGA pad.<\/span> The voids appear as trapped air or gas pockets within the solder material. These voids can vary in size, shape, and distribution, ranging from small isolated voids to large interconnected voids.<br \/>BGA solder voids may cause malfunction of the main chip and may not be discovered during testing, so the hidden risk is high.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85ca346 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85ca346\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"J5YXd7bpwozhxAxsGcAc42C6n9f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XdBmdhhccoL4mUxhzUhcTkJfnRd\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Solutions:<\/strong><\/span><\/div><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XxIOdzhxEoNDDux1EL9c5EZKnWh\">X-ray inspection for voids and quality solder joints. As such, the majority of patch factories now X-RAY inspect after mounting parts.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-QXiydw3VtolMX7xqLKWcJQhSnje\">Electroplate or partially fill vias to avoid air entrapment when soldering. Most HDI boards today require electroplating to fill holes or semi-fill holes in order to avoid this problem.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HmQgdW7A1oyyl6xxVLachGMbnab\">Use high-activity solder paste and consistent, quality solder balls to enhance filling and joint reliability.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3988d69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3988d69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>7. Solder Mask Blistering<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b815350 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b815350\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-solder-mask\/\">Solder mask<\/a> blistering or falling off refers to a condition where the protective solder mask layer on a printed circuit board (PCB) exhibits abnormalities such as bubbles, blisters, or peeling, and in severe cases, the solder mask layer detaches from the PCB surface.<\/p><div data-page-id=\"Tywedh7amoprwOxdXVscs8k4n9e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Ju8hdRt76ozIGLxOPGKc7uplnff\">The solder mask is a thin layer of polymer material applied to the PCB to protect the underlying copper traces and prevent solder bridging during the soldering process. It also provides insulation and helps protect the PCB from environmental factors such as moisture, dust, and chemical contaminants.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JAS1dW7oeoY0IxxzjNCc0sGnnFc\">Such problems are usually caused by abnormalities in the control of the PCB soldering mask process, or the selection of <span style=\"color: #d83931;\">unsuitable solder mask ink (cheap, non-gold ink, not suitable for mounting flux)<\/span>, or the temperature of the patch is too high.\u00a0<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div><div data-page-id=\"J5YXd7bpwozhxAxsGcAc42C6n9f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-S3SUd86H7oc06bxp0qXcEEiqnJf\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Solutions:<\/strong><\/span><\/div><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Gqeod5sE5oOagyxGsdicFbQgnKe\">Use solder mask ink compatible with high-temperature flux and restrict curing temperature and time to prevent blistering.<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EH17d2qY8oYZqMxFIuycjX5LnSd\">To prevent introducing batch issues, PCB manufacturers have to develop corresponding reliability test requirements and control them in different stages.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971fb67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"971fb67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>8. Via Fill Material Defects<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-486a6cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"486a6cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a title=\"What is a PCB Via? A Complete Guide!\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-via-a-complete-guide\/\">Via<\/a> fill material, also known as a via filling compound or via fill resin, is a non-conductive material used to fill vias on a printed circuit board (PCB). Via fill material defects refer to abnormalities or issues associated with the material used to fill vias on a printed circuit board (PCB). Via filling is a process where non-conductive material, such as epoxy or resin-based compounds, is injected or applied to fill the vias, isolating them from other conductive layers.<\/p><p>This is mainly caused by the PCB factory&#8217;s lack of technical capabilities or simplified processes. They are manifested as incomplete via filling and exposed or false copper exposure in the annular rings. It may cause problems such as insufficient solder volume, short circuit with the patch or assembly device, and residual impurities in the vias. This problem can be discovered during appearance inspection, so it can be controlled during incoming material inspection, requiring the PCB factory to improve it.<\/p><p>Via fill material defects can have various implications on the performance, reliability, and functionality of the PCB. They can affect signal integrity, power delivery, mechanical stability, or resistance to environmental factors such as moisture, temperature, or vibration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-750d8da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"750d8da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>9. Poor Dimensions<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe4602c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe4602c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PCB dimensional issues refer to problems or deviations in the physical dimensions and measurements of a printed circuit board. These issues involve variations or discrepancies in the size, shape, or positioning of the PCB and its components, which can impact the functionality, assembly, and reliability of the board.<\/p><p>There are many possible reasons for poor dimensions. The PCB production process is prone to expansion and contraction. The supplier has adjusted the drilling program\/graphic ratio\/forming CNC program, which may cause problems such as easy placement deviation and poor coordination of structural parts. Since such problems are difficult to detect and can only rely on the supplier&#8217;s good process control, special attention needs to be paid when selecting suppliers.<\/p><div data-page-id=\"J5YXd7bpwozhxAxsGcAc42C6n9f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-ZE0PdT9Chom9NaxOAMHc34llnob\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Solutions:<\/strong><\/span><\/div><\/div><p>(1) Design Verification: Thoroughly reviewing the PCB design and conducting design rule checks (DRC) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/what-is-pcb-dfm-check\/\">design for manufacturing<\/a> (DFM) analysis to ensure proper dimensions, tolerances, and component footprints.<br \/>(2) Manufacturing Process Control: Implementing strict process controls during PCB fabrication, such as accurate temperature and pressure control during lamination, precise <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-etching-definition-types-process\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">etching<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/ins-and-out-of-pcb-drilling-revealed\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drilling<\/a> processes, and careful handling, can help minimize dimensional variations.<br \/>(3) Inspection and Testing: Conducting visual inspections, dimensional measurements, and verification checks throughout the manufacturing process to identify and rectify any dimensional issues before further assembly or testing.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4fa0a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c4fa0a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>10. Galvanic Corrosion<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1903854 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1903854\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"430\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/quality-issue-galvanic-corrosion-elepcb-e1735970406880-1024x550.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17832\" alt=\"quality issue-galvanic corrosion-elepcb\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/quality-issue-galvanic-corrosion-elepcb-e1735970406880-1024x550.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/quality-issue-galvanic-corrosion-elepcb-e1735970406880-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/quality-issue-galvanic-corrosion-elepcb-e1735970406880-768x413.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/quality-issue-galvanic-corrosion-elepcb-e1735970406880.jpg 1530w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6296bda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6296bda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"J5YXd7bpwozhxAxsGcAc42C6n9f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Uz1KdzFTmou4fuxzd7jc4004nAc\">Gold (Au) is a noble metal with excellent corrosion resistance, while copper (Cu) is a more active metal that can undergo galvanic corrosion when in contact with gold.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UzwKdFVOgo6bVAxsFGLcGg4knpf\">Galvanic corrosion appears in the OSP process of selective <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/product\/gold-plated-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">gold plates<\/a>. Due to the potential difference between gold and copper, the copper pad connected to the large gold surface during the OSP processing process will continue to lose electrons and dissolve into divalent copper ions, causing the pad to become smaller and affecting subsequent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-component-placement\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">component placement<\/a> and reliability.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KNegdhzZHoMzzexuVmVcUiMmnEe\">Although this problem does not occur often, once it occurs, it is a mass problem. PCB Board manufacturers experienced in mobile phone PCB production will use computer software to screen out this part of the pads, pre-compensate during design, and set special rework conditions and limit the number of reworks in the OSP process to avoid problems. Therefore, this issue can be confirmed in advance when auditing the board factory.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d722ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4d722ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>PCB Quality Issues: Summary Table<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85814a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85814a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table><colgroup> <col width=\"167\" \/> <col width=\"278\" \/> <col width=\"264\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">PCB Issue<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Main Causes<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Solutions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Delamination<\/td>\n<td>Improper material, poor lamination, moisture, low Tg material<\/td>\n<td>Use high Tg materials, vacuum packaging, baking before use, supplier testing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Poor Solderability<\/td>\n<td>ENIG black pad (nickel corrosion), solder mask scum, contamination<\/td>\n<td>Strict ENIG process control, surface cleaning, use high-quality chemicals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">PCB Warping<\/td>\n<td>Uneven copper layers, thermal stress, moisture absorption, mishandling<\/td>\n<td>Material selection, lamination control, proper storage, careful assembly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Exposed Copper<\/td>\n<td>Incomplete solder mask coverage, poor factory process control<\/td>\n<td>Better solder mask design, strict inspection, supplier quality management<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Poor Impedance<\/td>\n<td>Design flaws, process inconsistencies, lack of impedance testing<\/td>\n<td>Impedance control in design, supplier test reports, edge\/cross-section testing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">BGA Solder Voids<\/td>\n<td>Residual liquid\/gas in vias, poor hole plating, assembly issues<\/td>\n<td>X-Ray inspection, via plating fill, better hole design<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Solder Mask Blistering<\/td>\n<td>Low-quality ink, improper curing, excessive heat during assembly<\/td>\n<td>Use high-grade ink, process control, supplier reliability testing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Via Fill Defects<\/td>\n<td>Incomplete resin fill, false copper exposure, impurities<\/td>\n<td>Incoming inspection, strict supplier QC, improve via filling process<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Poor Dimensions<\/td>\n<td>Expansion\/contraction, CNC\/drilling ratio errors, process variation<\/td>\n<td>DFM checks, process control, dimensional inspection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Galvanic Corrosion<\/td>\n<td>Gold-copper interaction in OSP process, potential difference<\/td>\n<td>Pre-compensated design, limit rework, supplier process screening<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39149ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"39149ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>An Introduction to ELEPCB Factory<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e85583a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e85583a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa09fdd\" data-id=\"fa09fdd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0242fef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0242fef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">ELE PCB<\/a> factory focuses on <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"><strong>high-precision and difficult <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"><strong>HDMI<\/strong><\/span> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/product\/multilayer-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">multi-layer PCB<\/a> board production, with a monthly production capacity of up to <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">25,000 square meters<\/span>.<\/p><p>With <strong>7 high-speed <\/strong><strong>SMT<\/strong><strong> lines<\/strong> and <strong>2 THT lines<\/strong>, equipped with advanced equipment such as <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">3DSPI, <\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-x-ray-inspection\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">X-RAY<\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">, and multi-temperature zone <\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-reflow-soldering\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">reflow soldering<\/a><\/span>, we are able to ensure the production of high-precision products.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-10542ab\" data-id=\"10542ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24c7463 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"24c7463\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcba10-1024x721.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9621\" alt=\"elepcb factory and smt machine\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcba10-1024x721.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcba10-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcba10-768x541.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcba10-1536x1082.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcba10-2048x1442.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ff4bf8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ff4bf8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-736674a\" data-id=\"736674a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89da16a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"89da16a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Production-Line-003-1024x672.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9622\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Production-Line-003-1024x672.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Production-Line-003-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Production-Line-003-768x504.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Production-Line-003-1536x1008.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Production-Line-003-2048x1344.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b567226\" data-id=\"b567226\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c21b334 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c21b334\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The factory production lines have<span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> anti-static measures<\/span>, and more than <strong>95%<\/strong> of our production lines are <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">skilled workers<\/span>, who have extensive experience in assembling electrical components. The <strong>production equipment<\/strong> includes <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">electric pneumatic tools, <\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-short-circuit\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">short circuit<\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> equipment, multimeters, ammeters, <\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">torque<\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> testing equipment, electric bridges<\/span>, etc., all to ensure the smooth progress of production.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-71ee7b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"71ee7b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ef2efa8\" data-id=\"ef2efa8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee8850a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee8850a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our production line meets <strong>5S requirements<\/strong> and can complete one-stop services of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-layout-design-process-and-guidelines\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">PCB design<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-manufacturing-process-and-services\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">PCB Fabrication<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-assembly-process-and-services\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">PCB assembly<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/box-build-assembly\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">box build assembly<\/a>. We can arrange special line production and have a strict quality management system. Each production line has experienced employees and dedicated line follow-up personnel to ensure <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\">error-free<\/span><span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"> production<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f93ca79\" data-id=\"f93ca79\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83915ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"83915ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcba20-1024x669.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9624\" alt=\"ELEPCB factory - smt and tht production line - pcb assembly machine\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcba20-1024x669.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcba20-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcba20-768x502.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcba20-1536x1003.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pcba20-2048x1338.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34b7a88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34b7a88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>ELE factory will confirm the EQ with the customer<\/strong> before production, and only start production after confirmation. Our corporate culture emphasizes quality first, and we have almost never had major problems with quality.<\/p><div data-page-id=\"Tywedh7amoprwOxdXVscs8k4n9e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-H8jUd87KsofLykxgVDncN16dnJe\">These are the basis for us to ensure high-efficiency production and timely delivery. We have strength and we provide commitment and guarantee to our customers.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-58191b73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"58191b73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1759fbb3\" data-id=\"1759fbb3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eda8950 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eda8950\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>FAQ<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27444e64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"27444e64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q1:  What are the most common PCB quality issues?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6581\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">A1: The most common PCB defects include <strong>delamination, poor solderability, PCB warping, exposed copper, poor impedance, <\/strong><strong>BGA<\/strong><strong> solder voids, <\/strong><strong>solder mask<\/strong><strong> blistering, via fill defects, dimensional inaccuracies, and galvanic corrosion<\/strong>. Each of these can reduce PCB reliability and lead to failures if not addressed.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q2: How can PCB delamination be prevented?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6582\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BWQ0dJKPTovPhYx6XTfc9xMAngc\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ZGjidQpZuouEMuxnruBcR4Ujndg\">A2: To prevent delamination, manufacturers should use <strong>high Tg materials<\/strong>, apply strict <strong>lamination process control<\/strong>, and ensure <strong>moisture protection<\/strong> with vacuum packaging. Reliability tests like <strong>thermal <\/strong><strong>stress testing<\/strong> also help detect risks early.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q3: Why does PCB warping happen?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6583\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\">A3: PCB warping is usually caused by <strong>uneven copper distribution, improper lamination, thermal stress during <\/strong><strong>soldering<\/strong><strong>, or moisture absorption<\/strong>. The best solutions are proper material selection, controlled lamination, and careful storage and handling.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q4: How can PCB manufacturers improve quality and reduce defects?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6584\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\">A4: PCB quality can be improved by following <strong>strict process controls, reliability testing (<\/strong><strong>X-Ray<\/strong><strong>, impedance, thermal stress tests), using high-quality materials<\/strong>, and working with <strong>experienced PCB suppliers<\/strong> who prioritize defect prevention.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-de55629 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de55629\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d907214\" data-id=\"5d907214\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a55e8a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"3a55e8a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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elementor-element-b379375 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b379375\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15779\" alt=\"pcb and pcba products 1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8968fc1\" data-id=\"8968fc1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c3b5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c0c3b5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" 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class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4326577 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4326577\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15778\" alt=\"pcb and pcba products 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, 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Guide to PCB Inspection Methods-ELE PCB\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"queried_id\" value=\"4187\"\/>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-form-fields-wrapper elementor-labels-above\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-text elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-name elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYour Name\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"text\" name=\"form_fields[name]\" id=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-email elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-message elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEmail Address\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"email\" name=\"form_fields[message]\" id=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-tel elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_373bda7 elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhone Number\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"tel\" name=\"form_fields[field_373bda7]\" id=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" pattern=\"[0-9()#&amp;+*-=.]+\" title=\"Csak a sz\u00e1mok \u00e9s telefonkarakterek (#, -, * stb.) fogadhat\u00f3k el.\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-checkbox elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_c168eb1 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI am interested in (select all that apply)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-subgroup  elementor-subgroup-inline\"><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\">Rigid PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\">Flexible Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Aluminum PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\">Flexible Aluminum PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible PCB Microcircuits\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\">Flexible PCB Microcircuits<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\">Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid-Flex\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\">Rigid-Flex<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\">Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\">Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Copper Core\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\">Copper Core<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"IC Substrates &amp; Interposer\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\">IC Substrates & Interposer<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"High TG PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\">High TG PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Heavy Copper\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\">Heavy Copper<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"PCB Assembly\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\">PCB Assembly<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Components Sourcing\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\">Components Sourcing<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Other\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\">Other<\/label><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-upload elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_2cea676 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUpload Your Files (Optional)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"file\" name=\"form_fields[field_2cea676]\" id=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-upload-field\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_9ceb2c8 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMessage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field  elementor-size-sm\" name=\"form_fields[field_9ceb2c8]\" id=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Submit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-123957a9\" data-id=\"123957a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents Printed circuit boards (PCBs) form the backbone of almost all modern-day electronic products. Even so, tiny PCB defects can result in faulty performance, compromised reliability, and costly product recalls. Common PCB defects such as delamination, unsolderable surfaces, warpage, exposed copper, and solder mask blistering are common at production stages. These faults affect [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9560,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[227],"class_list":["post-9557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-pcb-issue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9557","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9557"}],"version-history":[{"count":105,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21837,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9557\/revisions\/21837"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}