{"id":11735,"date":"2024-06-20T17:03:57","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T09:03:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/?p=11735"},"modified":"2025-03-12T11:37:36","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T03:37:36","slug":"a-detailed-history-of-printed-circuit-board","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/blog\/a-detailed-history-of-printed-circuit-board\/","title":{"rendered":"Storia dettagliata dei circuiti stampati (PCB)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11735\" class=\"elementor elementor-11735\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-73c6cc88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"73c6cc88\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d0aebc9\" data-id=\"d0aebc9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bdd7bad elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"2bdd7bad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2bdd7bad\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2bdd7bad\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__2bdd7bad\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56b7ef0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"56b7ef0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Dr1edNdemonXW8xAUfpcwbIBnZf\"><p>A printed circuit board is a medium used to link or &#8220;wire&#8221; elements in a circuit. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) changed electronics in the 1940s. They made it easier to create and repair electrical gadgets by replacing tangled cables with clean, dependable boards.<\/p><p>Now PCBs are tiny, consisting of one substrate layer, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/guide-to-pcb-materials-and-features-of-fr-4-pcb-material\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fiberglass<\/a>, coated with copper and solder mask. They&#8217;re produced at a much higher and more efficient rate than ever before and they are an important part of every electronic gadget. In the future, new varieties of PCBs, such as flexible and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/rohs-compliance-for-circuit-board-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eco-friendly ones<\/a>, will keep gadgets cooler and brighter. PCBs demonstrate how human innovation continuously improves our technology.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c69a0ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c69a0ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-09c04c7\" data-id=\"09c04c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eeff0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4eeff0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3adef51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3adef51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-413df67\" data-id=\"413df67\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db2995 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9db2995\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>A Brief Introduction to the History of PCB<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3240f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3240f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 1903, German inventor Albert Hanson filed the first patent for a PCB-like device, he made for telephone systems. He was the founder of PCB.<\/p><p>Over the past fifty years, the scientific elements of PCBs have been measured on a tiny scale. During the 1960s, an ordinary calculator&#8217;s PCB contained about 30 transistors. Today, a typical computer&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/product\/ele-copper-pcb-board\/\">PCB board<\/a> has millions of transistors on a single chip. These advancements have made it possible to incorporate growing amounts of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/capabilities\/\">capability<\/a> into ever-smaller gadgets.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbef536 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dbef536\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>1903: Start of Development<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a023e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a023e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 1903, German inventor <em>Albert Hanson<\/em> filed a patent for a groundbreaking device that featured flat foil conductors on a multi-layer insulation board, a design that included <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/what-is-through-hole-pcb\/\">through-hole<\/a> construction and conductors on both sides. This invention, developed for telephone systems, marked a significant step in the evolution of early breadboards and laid the groundwork for modern printed circuit boards (PCBs). Hanson&#8217;s innovative approach to electrical connections through perforations represented a major advancement in the field of electronics.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75940a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"75940a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"488\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/telephone-in-1903-scaled-e1718867710707-1024x624.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11748\" alt=\"telephone in 1903\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/telephone-in-1903-scaled-e1718867710707-1024x624.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/telephone-in-1903-scaled-e1718867710707-300x183.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/telephone-in-1903-scaled-e1718867710707-768x468.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/telephone-in-1903-scaled-e1718867710707-1536x937.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/telephone-in-1903-scaled-e1718867710707-2048x1249.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Telephone in 1903<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb3ed28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb3ed28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>1927: Charles Ducas's Patent<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d16771 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d16771\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 1927, <em>Charles Ducas<\/em>, an American inventor, got a patent for a new circuit board design. He used a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-stencil-smt-assembly\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stencil<\/a> to print wires with conductive ink onto an insulated surface, creating an electronic path right on the board. This method, called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pwb-to-pcb-evolution-in-electronics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">printed wiring<\/a>, was an early step toward the electroplating techniques used in modern circuit boards.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77eb3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77eb3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>1929: Stock Market Crash<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6af4b23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6af4b23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The stock market crash of October 1929, which accompanied the recession that followed, halted the development of PCBs. People had to focus on essential needs instead of new technology. This time brought an end to the <em>Jazz Age<\/em> and led to widespread poverty and unemployment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3302f3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3302f3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Stock-Market-Crash-of-1929-1024x331.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11750\" alt=\"Stock Market Crash of 1929\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Stock-Market-Crash-of-1929-1024x331.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Stock-Market-Crash-of-1929-300x97.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Stock-Market-Crash-of-1929-768x248.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Stock-Market-Crash-of-1929.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Stock Market Crash of 1929<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104400c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"104400c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>1941: First PCB by Paul Eisler<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9776254 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9776254\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The invention of the printed circuit board (PCB) is attributed to Paul Eisler. <a title=\"Paul Eisler - Wikipedia\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Eisler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><em>Paul Eisler<\/em><\/a>, an Austrian engineer, is widely recognized as the pioneer of the PCB. He developed the concept of using a flat surface to mount and connect electronic components in the 1930s.<\/p><p>In 1936, Paul Eisler obtained a patent for his &#8220;printed circuit&#8221; idea, which involved printing conductive tracks onto a non-conductive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-materials\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">substrate material<\/a>. However, it took some time for PCBs to gain widespread adoption and become a standard technology in the electronics <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/applications\/pcb-for-industrial-equipments\/\">industry<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-266932e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"266932e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"277\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Paul-eisler-by-maurice-hubert.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11752\" alt=\"Paul-eisler-by-maurice-hubert\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Paul Eisler by Maurice Hubert - Wikipedia<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67dafe4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67dafe4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After the assault on Pearl Harbor in the last month of 1941, the United States Army recognized the need for enhanced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/applications\/pcb-for-telecommunication-systems\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">communication technologies<\/a>. This urgency led to the adaptation of PCB-like technology, inspired by a British device called the proximity fuse, which improved artillery accuracy. Around the same time, Austrian engineer Paul Eisler, who had fled to England to escape Nazism, made a significant leap in PCB development.<\/p><p>In 1941, he created <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the first functional printed circuit board<\/a> by using copper foil on a non-conductive glass base. This innovation marked a major step towards the modern PCBs we use today, with copper layers on an insulating board forming the conductive paths for electronic components. In 1943, he introduced the first PCB-equipped radio that was used in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/military-pcb-assembly\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">military operations<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e68ce58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e68ce58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>1950 to 1960: <br>After World War II Commercialization of PCB<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff4307d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff4307d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After World War II, as American servicemen returned home, there was a surge in domestic life and technological innovation. The 1947 introduction of PCBs by <a title=\"Bell Labs - Wikipedia\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bell_Labs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><em>Bell Labs<\/em><\/a> coincided with the Cold War era, where communication advancements became crucial amidst tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. These developments, paralleled by the rise of <em>Elvis Presley<\/em> and television&#8217;s popularity, marked a significant period for electronics. PCBs revolutionized space exploration, enabling lighter and more efficient spacecraft.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96b9344 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"96b9344\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"346\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1947-transistor-and-inventors-open-the-door-to-digital-future-.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11755\" alt=\"1947 Bell Labs - transistor and inventors - open the door to digital future\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1947-transistor-and-inventors-open-the-door-to-digital-future-.webp 660w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1947-transistor-and-inventors-open-the-door-to-digital-future--300x157.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">1947 Bell Labs - transistor and inventors - open the door to digital future<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7e89dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a7e89dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Soviets led the charge with milestones like <em>Sputnik<\/em> in 1957, driving competition and further technological strides in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-layout-design-process-and-guidelines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PCB design<\/a> through the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1950s and 1960s, PCB designs were double-sided, with equipment on one side and identification printing on the other. Transistors became available about this time, lowering the size of electronic equipment and making <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-assembly-process-and-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PCB assembly<\/a> easier.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c992739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c992739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>1960: Introduction of ICs in PCB<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05e2b74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05e2b74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Integrated Circuits (ICs) were first introduced in PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The development of ICs revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing multiple electronic components, such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, to be integrated onto a single chip of semiconductor material.<\/p><p>The first practical integrated circuit was developed by <a title=\"Jack Kilby - Wikipedia\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jack_Kilby\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><em>Jack Kilby<\/em><\/a> at Texas Instruments in 1958. Kilby&#8217;s invention laid the foundation for the miniaturization of electronic circuits and the subsequent widespread use of ICs in various <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/applications\/\">applications<\/a>.<\/p><p>In the following years, advancements in IC technology continued, leading to the development of more complex and powerful integrated circuits. By the 1970s, ICs became prevalent in a wide range of electronic devices, including computers, calculators, telecommunications equipment, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/applications\/pcb-for-consumer-electronics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consumer electronics<\/a>.<\/p><p>Since their introduction, ICs have undergone significant advancements in terms of performance, density, and functionality. Today, ICs are an integral part of nearly all <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/electronics-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">electronic devices<\/a>, playing a crucial role in powering and controlling various functions. They have transformed the electronics industry by enabling smaller, more efficient, and highly integrated electronic systems.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da21194 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"da21194\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"789\" height=\"472\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/The-History-of-Silicon-Valley-e1718869464911.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11757\" alt=\"The History of Silicon Valley\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/The-History-of-Silicon-Valley-e1718869464911.jpg 789w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/The-History-of-Silicon-Valley-e1718869464911-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/The-History-of-Silicon-Valley-e1718869464911-768x459.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">The History of Silicon Valley<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5ac78c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5ac78c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The integrated circuit, sometimes known as a silicon chip, is used in electronic circuits to store thousands, even millions, of components. This innovation dictated that PCBs accept more conductors, resulting in higher stacking. As ICs shrank, so did PCB sizes, making soldering connections more difficult yet critical for reliability.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5449e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d5449e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>1970s to 1980s: Advancements in Soldermasks<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd2d7fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd2d7fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Electronics experienced significant changes between the 1960s and 1980s. Jack Kilby, who worked at Texas Instruments, developed the first microprocessor in the early 1970s. This was critical since it enhanced how circuits function in electronics. The MITS Altair 8800 and the first Apple 1 were well-known desktop computers that operated on printed circuit boards (PCBs).<\/p><p>In the 1980s, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/smt-pcb-service\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">surface mount technology<\/a> (SMT) developed a strong presence. It allowed parts to be soldered securely onto PCBs, resulting in easier and more effective circuits without the need for holes. These improvements enhanced electronics for the digital age.<\/p><p>It lets parts get soldered right onto pads on PCBs, making circuits denser without needing holes. Soldermasks and coatings made soldering easier and improved how circuits were made. These advances made electronics smaller, more efficient, and better for the digital age.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54b7c99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"54b7c99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/solder-mask-over-bare-copper-e1718873193631.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11761\" alt=\"solder-mask-over-bare-copper\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/solder-mask-over-bare-copper-e1718873193631.png 802w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/solder-mask-over-bare-copper-e1718873193631-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/solder-mask-over-bare-copper-e1718873193631-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-494853c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"494853c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-solder-mask\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">solder mask<\/a> is a protective layer applied over the copper traces on a PCB to prevent solder bridges and ensure proper soldering during assembly. The use of solder masks became more widespread in the 1970s and 1980s as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/motherboard-pcb-manufacturing\/\">PCB manufacturing<\/a> processes advanced. The solder mask layer became an essential part of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-manufacturing-process-and-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the standard PCB fabrication process<\/a>, contributing to enhanced reliability, easier assembly, and improved electrical insulation.<\/p><p>Solder masks offer several benefits, including:<\/p><ol><li>Preventing solder bridges: The solder mask prevents solder from flowing between adjacent copper traces, reducing the risk of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-short-circuit\/\">short circuits<\/a> or unintended connections.<\/li><li>Protection against environmental factors: The solder mask provides a protective barrier against moisture, dust, and other contaminants, safeguarding the copper traces from corrosion and ensuring long-term reliability.<\/li><li>Easy soldering: The solder mask exposes only the designated solder pads, making it easier to apply solder accurately during component soldering.<\/li><li>Improved visual inspection: The solder mask&#8217;s color contrast with the copper traces enhances visibility, making it easier to visually inspect <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-quality-control\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the PCB for quality control purposes<\/a>.<\/li><\/ol><p>As PCB technology has advanced, solder mask materials and application methods have also evolved. Today, solder masks are an integral part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/best-pcb-manufacturer-in-india\/\">PCB manufacturing<\/a> process, ensuring reliable and efficient assembly of electronic components.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb89413 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cb89413\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>1990's: Innovations in the Final PCB<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-302872e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"302872e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PCB technology changed throughout the fast-paced 1990s, opening the door for smaller and more efficient electronics. Innovations in PCB design allowed for more power to be packed onto single chips, leading to smaller and more portable devices. Personal computers have become popular as home staples during the last decade, owing to the expansion of Internet access through dial-up and broadband networks.<\/p><p>Simultaneously, cellular phones evolved from bulky antennas to sleek popularity symbols, reliant on state-of-the-art PCBs. As generations miniaturized, PCB design became more specialized, integrating laptop-aided design and manufacturing (CAD\/CAM) software programs to automate strategies and accommodate smaller, more complex components. These tendencies now not only make tool performance and reliability more desirable but additionally drive down fees, paving the way for the interconnected virtual age.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bbf1f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0bbf1f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>20th Century: Recent Improvements<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f68c2ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f68c2ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PCB trends began in the twentieth century and continued into the twenty-first, resulting in increased complexity and tightness through enhanced production techniques such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-etching-definition-types-process\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">etching<\/a> and soldering. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) have become important for area exploration due to their lightweight and strong properties. In the twenty-first century, these advancements have resulted in compact, versatile gadgets such as cell phones and computer systems that span several eras.<\/p><p>PCBs are likely to play a significant role in future technologies such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/smart-home-pcb\/\">smart homes<\/a>, autonomous motors, and robots. They continue to improve with smaller sizes, greater functionality, and larger packages.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8368ba6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8368ba6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Today and Future<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfac427 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bfac427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Today&#8217;s printed circuit boards (PCBs) are advanced, with complicated circuits created using a few layers, surface-established components, and enhanced computer-aided designs (CAD). They play a key function in current technological trends such as 5G, IoT, AI, and automation, allowing for quick data processing and communication, particularly with computers.<\/p><p>The term &#8220;printed circuit board&#8221; is now recognized and utilized, eliminating earlier expressions such as &#8220;published wire board.&#8221; Future advancements, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/product\/rigid-flex-pcb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rigid-flex PCBs<\/a>, will combine inflexible and bendy substances to provide smaller and more complex PCB layouts for a wide range of electronic devices.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bef4d5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bef4d5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>FAQs<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6b2cf5d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6b2cf5d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-21a388a4\" data-id=\"21a388a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-286c9c45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"286c9c45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6781\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6781\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q1: How were PCBs created before computers?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6781\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6781\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div>A1: Until the 1980s, PCBs used to be drawn by hand, which was simpler and only allowed for the saving and exchange of designs through pictures. The computers and EDA (Electronic Design Automation) applications then took over, making the PCB designs flexible and fully integrated into the PCB production machines.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6782\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6782\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q2: Why is it called PCB?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6782\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6782\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BWQ0dJKPTovPhYx6XTfc9xMAngc\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ZGjidQpZuouEMuxnruBcR4Ujndg\">A2: A printed circuit board (PCB) technically supports and electrically connects electronic components with conductive paths, tracks, or signal lines etched from copper sheets bonded onto a surface that is not conductive.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6783\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6783\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q3: What was used before the PCB?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6783\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6783\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\">A3: Before the introduction of printed circuit boards, electronic and electrical circuits were connected point-to-point on a framework. The frame was often made of metal sheets with a hardwood bottom.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6784\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6784\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q4: What developments are expected to influence the future of PCB technology?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6784\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6784\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\">A4: Future advances in PCB technology encompass flexible and rigid-flex PCBs, biodegradable components, and enhanced manufacturing procedures to meet the growing needs of technologies like as IoT, AI, and smart gadgets.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-647eec92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"647eec92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8dfa281\" data-id=\"8dfa281\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-403c1622 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"403c1622\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"2056\" class=\"elementor elementor-2056\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6012901 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6012901\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afac9b2\" data-id=\"afac9b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b379375 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b379375\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15779\" alt=\"pcb and pcba products 1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8968fc1\" data-id=\"8968fc1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c3b5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c0c3b5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15819\" alt=\"contact us\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a17958a\" data-id=\"a17958a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4326577 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4326577\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15778\" alt=\"pcb and pcba products 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-scaled.jpg 1921w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3dd32bd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3dd32bd7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-30e73de5\" data-id=\"30e73de5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e6f562b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e6f562b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1aae434c\" data-id=\"1aae434c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7de62f23\" data-id=\"7de62f23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-225d5b79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"225d5b79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.125em; 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margin: 0px auto;\"><p style=\"font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.58em; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 25px 0px 15px; text-align: center; max-width: 846px;\">We provide technical expertise form prototype through production, increasing speed to market by 20%.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Contact us below to start discussing your project with our Technical Experts today.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Whether you already have Gerber Files, submit a\u00a0Quick Quote\u00a0for free estimate.<\/p><\/div><\/form><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5782c747 elementor-button-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-form\" data-id=\"5782c747\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\">Rigid PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\">Flexible Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Aluminum PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\">Flexible Aluminum PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible PCB Microcircuits\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\">Flexible PCB Microcircuits<\/label><\/span><span 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Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Copper Core\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\">Copper Core<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"IC Substrates &amp; Interposer\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\">IC Substrates & Interposer<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"High TG PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\">High TG PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Heavy Copper\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\">Heavy Copper<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"PCB Assembly\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\">PCB Assembly<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Components Sourcing\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\">Components Sourcing<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Other\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\">Other<\/label><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-upload elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_2cea676 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUpload Your Files (Optional)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"file\" name=\"form_fields[field_2cea676]\" id=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-upload-field\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_9ceb2c8 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMessage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field  elementor-size-sm\" name=\"form_fields[field_9ceb2c8]\" id=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Submit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-123957a9\" data-id=\"123957a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents A printed circuit board is a medium used to link or &#8220;wire&#8221; elements in a circuit. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) changed electronics in the 1940s. They made it easier to create and repair electrical gadgets by replacing tangled cables with clean, dependable boards. Now PCBs are tiny, consisting of one substrate layer, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11737,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[129,218],"class_list":["post-11735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-pcb-manufacturing","tag-pcb-meaning"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11735","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11735"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11735\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18952,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11735\/revisions\/18952"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11735"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11735"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}