{"id":19024,"date":"2025-03-14T18:03:23","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T10:03:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/?p=19024"},"modified":"2025-03-19T09:19:33","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T01:19:33","slug":"computer-printed-circuit-board-pc-board","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/computer-printed-circuit-board-pc-board\/","title":{"rendered":"Circuito stampato per computer: Storia, componenti e tecniche"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"19024\" class=\"elementor elementor-19024\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cd5ebc2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cd5ebc2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1dbf1123\" data-id=\"1dbf1123\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5990b0b elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"5990b0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__5990b0b\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Aprire l&#039;indice dei contenuti\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__5990b0b\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Chiudere l&#039;indice\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__5990b0b\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25144258 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25144258\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div>\n<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div>\n<div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div>\n<div data-page-id=\"BaAqdv8UmonE8ZxHyouc2xGbn6c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Dr1edNdemonXW8xAUfpcwbIBnZf\"><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Be8WdaBK3oSJnRx6OiSc278SnNh\"><strong>Computer <\/strong><strong>printed circuit board<\/strong> helps components such as <strong>RAM<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>and <strong>CPU<\/strong> communicate with each other for smooth operation. <\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BGSRdTwvTo6hQ2xuPKgc2PpSn8u\">These PCBs, including <strong>SSD<\/strong><strong> PCBs, <\/strong><strong>HDD<\/strong><strong> PCBs, and <\/strong><strong>HHD<\/strong><strong> PCBs<\/strong>, are used to make connections within PCBs found in<span style=\"color:rgb(46,161,33)\"><strong> storage devices<\/strong><\/span>, <a data-lark-is-custom=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-motherboard-manufacturer\/\">motherboard<\/a>s, and peripheral expansion cards to facilitate electronic communication and <a data-lark-is-custom=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/power-supply-pcb\/\">power<\/a> distribution within the system. <\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VVPrdK5nCocujgxYM2Icg2dqnrb\"><a data-lark-is-custom=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\">ELEPCB<\/a> will discuss <strong>PC boards<\/strong>, the main circuit board in a computer, and the related <a data-lark-is-custom=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-components-sourcing\/\">components<\/a> in this article.<\/div><\/div><span 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PCBs, including SSD PCBs, HDD PCBs, and HHD PCBs, are used to make connections within PCBs found in storage devices, motherboards, and peripheral expansion cards to facilitate electronic communication and power distribution within the system. &quot;}}},&quot;align&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;folded&quot;:false}},&quot;VVPrdK5nCocujgxYM2Icg2dqnrb&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;VVPrdK5nCocujgxYM2Icg2dqnrb&quot;,&quot;snapshot&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;parent_id&quot;:&quot;KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe&quot;,&quot;comments&quot;:[],&quot;revisions&quot;:[],&quot;locked&quot;:false,&quot;hidden&quot;:false,&quot;author&quot;:&quot;7423575385186172931&quot;,&quot;children&quot;:[],&quot;text&quot;:{&quot;initialAttributedTexts&quot;:{&quot;text&quot;:{&quot;0&quot;:&quot;ELEPCB will discuss PC boards, the main circuit board in a computer, and the related components in this 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data-lark-record-format=\"docx\/record\" class=\"lark-record-clipboard\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9768c80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9768c80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a165c48\" data-id=\"4a165c48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2608f42c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2608f42c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-113e5ae1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"113e5ae1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-342fea7c\" data-id=\"342fea7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54ab0642 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54ab0642\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>The History of Computer Printed Circuit Board<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c1ed2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c1ed2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c06b8\" data-id=\"23c06b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfd461b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dfd461b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Zp4idxrpVooY2XxuvQOc4MM2nlg\">Computer PCB is the <strong>main carrier of computer hardware<\/strong>, and its evolution is encouraged directly by the integration of electronic elements, protocol specifications and production technology.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ced76f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ced76f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38127b8a\" data-id=\"38127b8a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f751bf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7f751bf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>The Initial Stage (1980s-1990s)<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-798b2e44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"798b2e44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZZj9dIGqOovHdqxH9pncjp4jn8f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O1dvdfClOotNL7xDhalcuuNLnyh\"><div data-page-id=\"ZZj9dIGqOovHdqxH9pncjp4jn8f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O1dvdfClOotNL7xDhalcuuNLnyh\"><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AVM9dehByoTFNxxZpOJcjTE6nS1\">During this period, the primary technology is embodied in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/single-layer-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">single<\/a> or double-layer board, its wiring density is low, discrete components such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/how-to-read-resistor-color-codes\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">resistors<\/a>, capacitors predominate. Key protocols were the ISA bus (industry standard architecture) and IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics Interface). The key boards at this time are the Motherboard, which incorporates <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/pcb-pga-vs-lga-cpu-socket\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">CPU sockets<\/a>, memory slots, and ISA\/<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pci-in-pcb-assembly\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">PCI<\/a> slots; and expansion cards, e.g., discrete graphics cards, sound cards, and network cards, e.g., ISA sound cards and PCI network cards.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AVM9dehByoTFNxxZpOJcjTE6nS1\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-LfdWdPo3joLbpDxct5dcWP2Wn3e\">While some technologies are being retired, ISA bus with low bandwidth (around 8 MB\/s) to be replaced by the PCI bus with 133 MB\/s bandwidth; IDE interface also being replaced by Serial ATA (SATA) interface with 6 Gb\/s speed.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ed43495\" data-id=\"1ed43495\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d136dd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d136dd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>The Middle Period (2000s-2010s)<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-985aede elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"985aede\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZZj9dIGqOovHdqxH9pncjp4jn8f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"ZZj9dIGqOovHdqxH9pncjp4jn8f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-GZuGdb9UqopjJUxSyH9cdnfHnu2\">The leading technology of this phase is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/multilayer-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">multilayer<\/a> boards that support more cabling density and can reduce electromagnetic interference (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-shielding-basics-to-emi-and-rfi\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">EMI<\/a>). As for leading protocols, PCIe replaces PCI\/AGP as the normal interface for high-speed peripherals and GPUs, while USB 3.0\/3.1 replaces legacy serial\/parallel ports to support data transfer rates of 5 to 10 Gbps. Of the required boards, motherboards host built-in SATA controllers, Gigabit Ethernet PHYs, and PCIe x16 slots; GPUs are separate PCBs requiring PCIe x16 support and high power supply.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-GZuGdb9UqopjJUxSyH9cdnfHnu2\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XbLMdMRPmoP8TXxuqg5c9i58nVc\">Replaced technologies are PCI\/AGP slots completely replaced by PCIe, PS\/2, VGA ports replaced by USB-C, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcba-knowledge\/hdmi-connector-for-pcb-design\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">HDMI<\/a>\/DisplayPort.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-225cefe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"225cefe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e792689\" data-id=\"e792689\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c08afa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4c08afa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"190\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/cpu-300x190.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-19027\" alt=\"cpu\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/cpu-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/cpu-1024x650.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/cpu-768x488.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/cpu-1536x975.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/cpu-2048x1300.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eb35097 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eb35097\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9fa023b\" data-id=\"9fa023b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4358606 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4358606\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>The Current Stage (2020s to present)<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-139f299 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"139f299\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZZj9dIGqOovHdqxH9pncjp4jn8f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"ZZj9dIGqOovHdqxH9pncjp4jn8f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div>The most significant technologies during this stage are High Density Interconnect (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/hdi-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">HDI<\/a>) and Any layer interconnect, which can process more than 10 layers of PCB based on microvia and laser <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/ins-and-out-of-pcb-drilling-revealed\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">drilling<\/a> technology, thus making ultra-thin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-layout-design-process-and-guidelines\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">design<\/a> possible, e.g., in the application of laptop computers. In case of PCIe Gen5\/6, high-speed signaling design the speeds are 32 GT\/s and above for which strict impedance matching and control of loss has to be used, e.g., the utilization of Low-Dk <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/guide-to-pcb-materials-and-features-of-fr-4-pcb-material\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">materials<\/a>; DDR5 memory requires equal length cabling as well as differential-pair design for signal integrity. Regarding the main boards and parts, the primary components of the motherboard are CPU socket (LGA 1700\/AM5), PCIe Gen5 slot, USB4\/TB4 controller, and its power system utilizes a multi-phase VRM (Voltage Regulator Module) to support CPU\/GPU overclocking, for example, 20 +phase power supply; the GPU PCB adopts a 12-layer or more HDI board with embedded GDDR6X video memory and PCIe Gen5 interface; NVMe SSDs utilize M.2 interface PCBs and support PCIe Gen4\/5 x4 lanes (8-16 GT\/s).<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>There are some replaced technologies, SATA SSDs have been replaced by NVMe SSDs with the difference in speed of 5x or more, and some of the traditional cooling solutions have been replaced by Vapor Chamber and Graphene <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-thermal-management\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Thermal<\/a> Membrane.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96532e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96532e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-000a0a3\" data-id=\"000a0a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef6600d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ef6600d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/sata-ssd-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-19032\" alt=\"sata ssd\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-35d9da9\" data-id=\"35d9da9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f95fe85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f95fe85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"164\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nvme-ssd-300x164.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-19026\" alt=\"nvme ssd\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nvme-ssd-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nvme-ssd-1024x559.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nvme-ssd-768x419.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nvme-ssd-1536x838.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/nvme-ssd-2048x1117.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a9c74c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a9c74c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b93e59e\" data-id=\"6b93e59e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fae0435 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"3fae0435\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Table 1 The History of Computer Printed Circuit Board<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1061\"><table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"104\" \/><col width=\"251\" \/><col width=\"105\" \/><col width=\"173\" \/><col width=\"164\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Stage<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Tech<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Protocols<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Circuit Boards<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Replaced Tech<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">1980 &#8211; 1990s<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">Single \/double layer boards, discrete components dominant<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">ISA, IDE<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">Motherboard <br \/>(including CPU socket, etc.), expansion cards<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">ISA, IDE related<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">2000 &#8211; 2010s<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">Multi-layer boards<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">PCIe, USB 3.0\/3.1<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">Motherboard <br \/>(including various components), GPU PCB<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">PCI\/AGP, PS\/2, etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">2020s &#8211; now<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">HDI\/Any layer,<br \/>high speed signal design<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">N\/A<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">Motherboard <br \/>(including various components), GPU PCB, NVMe SSD<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">M.2 interface &#8211; related, part of traditional heat dissipation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a727b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2a727b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9584fbc\" data-id=\"9584fbc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a061c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9a061c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>The Main Circuit Board in a Computer: <\/b><br><b>HDD, SSD and HHD<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f436a5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f436a5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62af9e4\" data-id=\"62af9e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4a5ae5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f4a5ae5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hdd-300x218.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-19025\" alt=\"hdd\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hdd-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hdd-1024x743.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hdd-768x558.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hdd-1536x1115.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hdd-2048x1487.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-362536f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"362536f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-644d75a6\" data-id=\"644d75a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-558b68e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"558b68e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-46a25ca9\" data-id=\"46a25ca9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e396d22 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e396d22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>HDD PCB<\/strong><\/h3><div><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-N9sVdU8r9o9csEx9WsDcDYuHnFb\">HDD PCB is a dual-core ARM\/DSP chip, with the ARM doing logic control and the DSP handling servo position. It contains an embedded preamplifier IC, which enhances the signal-to-noise ratio for sub-\u00b5V head signals. The architecture also includes Adaptive Vibration Compensation Circuitry (AVC), which compensates for mechanical vibration errors in real time using piezoelectric sensors.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d1d8dbe\" data-id=\"2d1d8dbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e547739 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e547739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3><strong>SSD PCB<\/strong><\/h3><div><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HzS3dEZ6Oo0PC8xntN1crZPenVb\">The SSD PCB offers a three-tiered storage hierarchy with an SLC cache layer (1-2GB capacity), a TLC\/QLC main memory, and OP reserved space. It supports 176 layers of 3D NAND stacking and uses Flyover cabling to reduce signal delay. The hierarchy also includes an LDPC error correction engine (&gt;120bit\/2KB error correction) and a dynamic thermal management unit.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-592d722\" data-id=\"592d722\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecc150b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ecc150b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"ZzVndCoYjoIIzhx50mjcQDcLnue\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3><strong>HHD PCB<\/strong><\/h3><div><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div>HHD board employs a heterogeneous computing platform based on an FPGA and a mechanical control unit (MCU) as its compute design. A smart data triage system that automatically migrates hot data that is accessed frequently (over 15% of access) to the 8-16GB XPoint 3D cache.\u00a0<\/div><div>Power management is through a hybrid mode in which automatic switching into SSD power mode is done when mechanical components are inactive and 40% power savings occur.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6101e84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6101e84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a50b54\" data-id=\"6a50b54\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76a802f elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"76a802f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1241\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1241\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Table 2 HDD PCB vs SSD PCB vs HHD PCB 1<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1241\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1241\"><table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"93\" \/><col width=\"176\" \/><col width=\"485\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">TYPE<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">FULL NAME<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">DETAIL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">HDD PCB<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Hard Disk Drive PCB<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Hard disk mechanical control board, integrated motor drive, head positioning, data conversion, and other mechatronic control modules<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">SSD PCB<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Solid State Drive PCB<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\" data-sheet-value=\"[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;All-semiconductor storage control boards that include the master control chip, NAND flash memory array and &quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;power management&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/heavy-copper-pcb\/&quot;,&quot;cellPosition&quot;:null},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; module&quot;}]\">All-semiconductor storage control boards that include the master control chip, NAND flash memory array and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/heavy-copper-pcb\/\">power management<\/a> module<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">HHD PCB<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Hybrid Hard Drive PCB<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Hybrid disk hard boards, composite circuit systems with HDD mechanical control modules and SSD flash cache modules<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-24b889a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"24b889a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c854be\" data-id=\"2c854be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ad0c66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"3ad0c66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6161\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6161\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Table 3 HDD PCB vs SSD PCB vs HHD PCB 2<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6161\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6161\"><table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"145\" \/><col width=\"191\" \/><col width=\"191\" \/><col width=\"210\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">ASPECT<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">HDD PCB<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">SSD PCB<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">HHD PCB<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">Core Components<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">Spindle Motor Drive IC <br \/>+ Voice-Coil Motor Controller <br \/>+ Head Amplifier<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">Main control SoC <br \/>+DRAM Cache <br \/>+NAND Array<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">HDD Control Module <br \/>+Flash Controller <br \/>+Data Cooperative Processing Module<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">Interface Standard<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">SATA\/PATA <br \/>(up to 6Gbps)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">SATA\/NVMe <br \/>(up to 32Gbps)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\" data-sheet-value=\"[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;SATA \\n&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;+ On board &quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;PCIe&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pci-in-pcb-assembly\/&quot;,&quot;cellPosition&quot;:null},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot; Channel&quot;}]\">SATA <br \/>+ On board <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pci-in-pcb-assembly\/\">PCIe<\/a> Channel<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">PCB Layers<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">6-8 layers <br \/>(electromagnetic interference isolation)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">4-6 layers <br \/>(high speed signal integrity)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">8-10 layers <br \/>(mixed signal isolation design)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">Power Consumption Characteristics<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">Typical 5-7W <br \/>(including motor drive)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">2-3W <br \/>(no mechanical parts)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">4-5W <br \/>(dynamic power consumption regulation)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">Vibration Indicator<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\" data-sheet-value=\"[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;60G\/2ms \\n&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;(&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;url&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;mechanical&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/mechanical-stress-in-pcb-coating\/&quot;,&quot;cellPosition&quot;:null},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;l protection design)&quot;}]\">60G\/2ms <br \/>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/mechanical-stress-in-pcb-coating\/\">mechanical<\/a>l protection design)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">1500G\/0.5ms <br \/>(all solid state structure)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: center;\">300G\/1ms <br \/>(dual-protection mechanism)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ce0dbdf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ce0dbdf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-840200c\" data-id=\"840200c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0368349 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"0368349\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3571\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3571\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Table 4 The Parameter Differences among HDD PCB, SSD PCB and HHD PCB<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3571\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3571\"><table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"122\" \/><col width=\"191\" \/><col width=\"232\" \/><col width=\"299\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Parameter<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">HDD PCB<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">SSD PCB<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">HHD PCB<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Line Width <br \/>\/ Spacing<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">75\u03bcm \/ 75\u03bcm (conventional manufacturing process)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">50\u03bcm \/ 50\u03bcm <br \/>(HDI process)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">60\u03bcm \/ 60\u03bcm <br \/>(hybrid process)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Impedance Control<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">100\u03a9 \u00b1 10% <br \/>(differential signal)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">85\u03a9 \u00b1 5% <br \/>(NVMe high &#8211; speed signal)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">90\u03a9 \u00b1 8% <br \/>(composite signal requirement)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Heat Dissipation<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Local copper foil thickening <br \/>(1oz \u2192 2oz)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Whole board copper substrate <br \/>+ heat conductive adhesive filling<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Zoned heat dissipation: thick copper in mechanical area <br \/>+ heat conductive pillars in flash memory area<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Reliability Test<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">1000 hours of high temperature and high humidity<br \/>(85\u00b0C \/ 85%RH)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">3000 times of temperature cycling <br \/>(- 40\u00b0C \u2192 125\u00b0C)<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">2000 hours of mixed environment test<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e9a1614 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e9a1614\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e434721\" data-id=\"e434721\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbd51da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dbd51da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>PC Board Components<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59fb16f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59fb16f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-21cbcb0\" data-id=\"21cbcb0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d3248f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d3248f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TEYKdjiaSo3ratxbhUVc6CZsnPd\">To achieve computer printed circuit board components, the basic components, and why? You may need to learn what NVMe-oF (NVMe over Fabrics) is prior to learning what each does.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-V2fsd5IMMoRxcdxm7DHcCdCKnkg\">NVMe-oF is a network protocol addition to the NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) protocol for remote access to storage on a network such as Ethernet, InfiniBand or Fibre Channel. It significantly accelerates data center and cloud storage performance by implementing the low-latency, high-throughput attributes of NVMe in distributed storage systems.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PcuRdCqJjoUMqrxcgC7ct6atnyb\">NVMe-oF requires high-speed signal-capable PCBs (e.g., 25G\/100G Ethernet or PCIe Gen4\/5), multilayer boards, impedance control, low-loss material and advanced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/signal-integrity-in-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">signal integrity<\/a> designs.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UVfudJjl7oy6PtxDoescKJLCn4d\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>NVMe-oF is currently an up-and-coming technology in the storage realm, and is gaining broad adoption very quickly especially in hyperscale data centers and AI\/HPC <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/applications\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">applications<\/a>.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PUFjdWB5No8RVSxBAxucQ5YLnBf\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>The NVM Express Inc. controls the NVMe-oF specification and updates it to accommodate additional transport layers (e.g., TCP\/IP, RoCEv2) and features (e.g., multipathing, security patches).<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AOIkdLrvJo1ffExW2NdcllS6nCd\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Major vendors (e.g., Intel, Samsung, Dell) have introduced hardware solutions for NVMe-oF to encourage adoption in enterprise SSDs, all-flash arrays.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d913402 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d913402\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3814175\" data-id=\"3814175\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d71782f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d71782f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>High Speed Interface Controllers<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-451931ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"451931ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ad55cf0\" data-id=\"2ad55cf0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a99e9aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a99e9aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4><strong>PCIe Retimer\/Redriver<\/strong><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CED2dY1lXot6wnxKbFUclEWGnFe\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>PCIe Retimer\/Redriver can compensate for signal degradation under high-speed transmission such as PCIe Gen5, Retimer can re-timer the signal and Redriver can enhance the driving ability.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-87ecfe0\" data-id=\"87ecfe0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c1c60c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c1c60c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4><strong>USB4\/TB4 PHY<\/strong><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WMxtdy5d4oVmL6x4Q6ucA5p6ntf\" data-list=\"bullet\">USB4\/TB4 PHY supports 40 Gbps data transmission and DisplayPort Alt Mode for high-speed data and video signal transmission.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e6b2f97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e6b2f97\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b286e3c\" data-id=\"b286e3c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67543cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"67543cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"257\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/tb4-phy-chip-300x257.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-19028\" alt=\"tb4 phy chip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/tb4-phy-chip-300x257.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/tb4-phy-chip-1024x876.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/tb4-phy-chip-768x657.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/tb4-phy-chip-1536x1314.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/tb4-phy-chip-2048x1751.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d8c76f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d8c76f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-12aa559\" data-id=\"12aa559\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecb7344 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ecb7344\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Power Devices<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-40cd913 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"40cd913\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-32f5134\" data-id=\"32f5134\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232e8aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"232e8aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4><strong>DrMOS (Driver MOSFET)<\/strong><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Kk8Id7PLqoF4lUxm7FZcxDejnCg\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>DrMOS integrates driver and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/mosfet-transistors\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">MOSFET<\/a> to reduce parasitic inductance and resistance and improve VRM efficiency.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-83b5492\" data-id=\"83b5492\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a9129d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a9129d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4><strong>GaN (Gallium Nitride) Power Devices<\/strong><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ORnHdqVM7o91IRxnsjsc81IDnWO\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>GaN is used in high-density power designs such as laptop charging modules to achieve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/high-power-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">high power<\/a> conversion efficiencies in small packages.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43143aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43143aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-af027ff\" data-id=\"af027ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7930065 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7930065\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"247\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/GaN-power-devices-300x247.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-19029\" alt=\"GaN power devices\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/GaN-power-devices-300x247.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/GaN-power-devices-1024x843.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/GaN-power-devices-768x632.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/GaN-power-devices-1536x1264.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/GaN-power-devices-2048x1685.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c64c422\" data-id=\"c64c422\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d43f603 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d43f603\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ddr5-300x230.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-19031\" alt=\"ddr5\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ddr5-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ddr5-1024x786.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ddr5-768x590.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ddr5-1536x1179.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ddr5-2048x1572.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4336361 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4336361\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-008bc2c\" data-id=\"008bc2c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1680e6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1680e6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Passive Components<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8e8ffa9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8e8ffa9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fef2a6\" data-id=\"6fef2a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79ed213 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79ed213\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4><strong>High Frequency MLCC (Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor)<\/strong><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Cd59dA5huokiJcxbpnkcz5JInve\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/high-frequency-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">High-frequency<\/a> MLCCs with low ESR are used for decoupling and filtering to filter out high-frequency circuit noise.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-192a0e1\" data-id=\"192a0e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eca3831 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eca3831\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"O4B1dmtbOorvZJxf8mkcMYuenVe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4><strong>High Q Inductors<\/strong><\/h4><div><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul><li data-list=\"bullet\">High Q inductors are used for high efficiency <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/can-you-use-ac-in-a-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">DC<\/a>-DC conversion to reduce energy loss.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d529bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d529bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-500d1ad\" data-id=\"500d1ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-016c26a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"016c26a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/high-frequency-mlcc-300x221.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-19030\" alt=\"high frequency mlcc\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/high-frequency-mlcc-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/high-frequency-mlcc-1024x754.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/high-frequency-mlcc-768x565.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/high-frequency-mlcc-1536x1131.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/high-frequency-mlcc-2048x1508.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f4719f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f4719f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d0de8f\" data-id=\"6d0de8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2882016 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2882016\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Computer PCB Technologies You Need to Know<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f3b8ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f3b8ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c8a8ce\" data-id=\"0c8a8ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfbfa18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cfbfa18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TVrXdsLyso8G55xLY1rceKp9n0d\">Computer PCBs involve a variety of technologies and materials. In terms of materials, Low-Dk\/Df materials (e.g. Panasonic MEGTRON6, Isola FR408HR) have lower Dk and Df values to reduce high-frequency signal loss, and thermally conductive substrates (such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/ele-aluminum-pcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">aluminum<\/a> substrates in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/mcpcb\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">metal-core PCBs<\/a>) can be used to dissipate heat from high-power components. In terms of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-manufacturing-process-and-services\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">fabrication<\/a> process, the semi-additive method (mSAP) is able to achieve 3\/3\u03bcm line width\/space, which is used for CPU\/GPU package substrate fabrication; and the buried component technology saves space by embedding resistors or capacitors inside the PCB.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d64e2f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d64e2f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f457c37\" data-id=\"f457c37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbd141a elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"bbd141a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1961\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1961\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Table 5 Computer PCB Technologies<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1961\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1961\"><table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"103\" \/><col width=\"579\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">CLFS.<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;\">Detail<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Material<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Low-Dk\/Df materials: low Dk and Df values to reduce high frequency signal loss<br \/>Thermally conductive substrates: for heat dissipation of high power components<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">Fabrication<\/td><td style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 0.5pt; border-style: solid; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; border-image: initial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #fff5e9; color: #15205e; text-align: left;\">mSAP: realizes 3\/3\u03bcm line width\/line pitch for CPU\/GPU package substrate manufacturing<br \/>Buried Component Technology: Embedding resistors\/capacitors inside the PCB saves space<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-758f59ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"758f59ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58aedf8f\" data-id=\"58aedf8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55a6f84c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"55a6f84c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4868b4cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4868b4cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c532cbb\" data-id=\"1c532cbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86f75f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"86f75f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-20fd4702 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"20fd4702\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-322b31af\" data-id=\"322b31af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-288d85b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"288d85b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"SKC7dw5mIo9QKNxSgwPcggXAnRh\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"SOfOdI4jXo5ucCxUQ3PcJolinPf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"SOfOdI4jXo5ucCxUQ3PcJolinPf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div><div data-page-id=\"KX6Kdaj3BofsycxKarJcrb1onOe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div>The past of computer PCBs has always been one of <strong>high power, <\/strong><strong>high density<\/strong><strong>, and high speed<\/strong>. Technologies such as NVMe-oF have driven PCB technology forward in <span style=\"color: #2ea121;\"><strong>signal integrity and materials, and standards<\/strong><\/span> such as PCIe Gen5 and DDR5 have defined the technology boundaries of current designs.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>As technology progresses comes the heavier and heavier dependence on computer circuit boards. The motherboard that ties everything together, the SSD PCB that helps accelerate storage, or the HDD circuit board that controls old hard disks, these printed circuit boards are required for the computing experience to function smoothly.<\/div><div><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">Contact<\/a><\/strong><\/em> <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\" data-lark-is-custom=\"true\">ELEPCB<\/a><\/strong><\/em><em><strong> to customize your own PC boards, or just get a quote!<\/strong><\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5657633a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5657633a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-30d3bd3b\" data-id=\"30d3bd3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3498485c elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"3498485c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"2056\" class=\"elementor elementor-2056\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6012901 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6012901\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afac9b2\" data-id=\"afac9b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b379375 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b379375\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15779\" alt=\"pcb and pcba products 1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8968fc1\" data-id=\"8968fc1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c3b5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c0c3b5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15819\" alt=\"contact us\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a17958a\" data-id=\"a17958a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4326577 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4326577\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15778\" alt=\"pcb and pcba products 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-scaled.jpg 1921w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3dd32bd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3dd32bd7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-30e73de5\" data-id=\"30e73de5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e6f562b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e6f562b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1aae434c\" data-id=\"1aae434c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7de62f23\" data-id=\"7de62f23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-225d5b79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"225d5b79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1.125em; font-size: 32px; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; color: #0a1f34;\">CONTACT US<\/p><div class=\"textwidget\"><div id=\"wpcf7-f5-p60-o1\" class=\"wpcf7\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\" role=\"form\"><div class=\"screen-reader-response\" style=\"position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); border: 0px;\"><p style=\"font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.58em; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 25px 0px 15px; text-align: center; max-width: 846px;\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\">\u00a0<\/p><\/div><form id=\"cf7-form-5\" class=\"wpcf7-form init cf7mls-no-scroll cf7mls-no-moving-animation\" style=\"position: relative; overflow: hidden;\" action=\"https:\/\/www.mclpcb.com\/capabilities\/#wpcf7-f5-p60-o1\" method=\"post\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\" data-fx-id=\"1587946425258918\"><div class=\"contact-inner\" style=\"max-width: 846px; margin: 0px auto;\"><p style=\"font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.58em; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding: 25px 0px 15px; text-align: center; max-width: 846px;\">We provide technical expertise form prototype through production, increasing speed to market by 20%.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Contact us below to start discussing your project with our Technical Experts today.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Whether you already have Gerber Files, submit a\u00a0Quick Quote\u00a0for free estimate.<\/p><\/div><\/form><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5782c747 elementor-button-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-form\" data-id=\"5782c747\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;step_next_label&quot;:&quot;Next&quot;,&quot;step_previous_label&quot;:&quot;Previous&quot;,&quot;button_width&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;step_type&quot;:&quot;number_text&quot;,&quot;step_icon_shape&quot;:&quot;circle&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"form.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form class=\"elementor-form\" method=\"post\" name=\"New Form\" aria-label=\"New Form\">\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"post_id\" value=\"2056\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"form_id\" value=\"5782c747\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"referer_title\" value=\"An Ultimate Guide to PCB Inspection Methods-ELE PCB\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"queried_id\" value=\"4187\"\/>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-form-fields-wrapper elementor-labels-above\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-text elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-name elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYour Name\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"text\" name=\"form_fields[name]\" id=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-email elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-message elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEmail Address\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"email\" name=\"form_fields[message]\" id=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-tel elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_373bda7 elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhone Number\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"tel\" name=\"form_fields[field_373bda7]\" id=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" pattern=\"[0-9()#&amp;+*-=.]+\" title=\"Csak a sz\u00e1mok \u00e9s telefonkarakterek (#, -, * stb.) fogadhat\u00f3k el.\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-checkbox elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_c168eb1 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI am interested in (select all that apply)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-subgroup  elementor-subgroup-inline\"><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\">Rigid PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\">Flexible Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Aluminum PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\">Flexible Aluminum PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible PCB Microcircuits\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\">Flexible PCB Microcircuits<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\">Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid-Flex\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\">Rigid-Flex<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\">Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\">Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Copper Core\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\">Copper Core<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"IC Substrates &amp; Interposer\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\">IC Substrates & Interposer<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"High TG PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\">High TG PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Heavy Copper\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\">Heavy Copper<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"PCB Assembly\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\">PCB Assembly<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Components Sourcing\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\">Components Sourcing<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Other\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\">Other<\/label><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-upload elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_2cea676 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUpload Your Files (Optional)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"file\" name=\"form_fields[field_2cea676]\" id=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-upload-field\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_9ceb2c8 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMessage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field  elementor-size-sm\" name=\"form_fields[field_9ceb2c8]\" id=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Submit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-123957a9\" data-id=\"123957a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents Computer printed circuit board helps components such as RAM and CPU communicate with each other for smooth operation. These PCBs, including SSD PCBs, HDD PCBs, and HHD PCBs, are used to make connections within PCBs found in storage devices, motherboards, and peripheral expansion cards to facilitate electronic communication and power distribution within [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":19034,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[124,233],"class_list":["post-19024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pcb-knowledge","tag-pcb-assembly","tag-pcb-technique"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19024","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19024"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19024\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19095,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19024\/revisions\/19095"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19024"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19024"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19024"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}