{"id":20297,"date":"2025-06-13T16:38:25","date_gmt":"2025-06-13T08:38:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/?p=20297"},"modified":"2025-06-13T16:41:41","modified_gmt":"2025-06-13T08:41:41","slug":"3d-profilometry-pcb-inspection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/blog\/3d-profilometry-pcb-inspection\/","title":{"rendered":"Profilometria 3D e misurazioni laser: Guida definitiva all'ispezione accurata dei PCB"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"20297\" class=\"elementor elementor-20297\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59efb455 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59efb455\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31117e29\" data-id=\"31117e29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34edcfc0 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"34edcfc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-791d4b63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"791d4b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"DZAsdetJroFkxcxeVQjcyfnNnDg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WwFNdDCmBoUbWwxB3eUcTPRvny0\"><div data-page-id=\"V9bCdJ9ZWoATVLx2UU9c6USUn1g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnfXWVzxG6R7ols2vQbd9nXd\"><div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-Ei5wdYFmvoQdbrxZrHEcZO5Ln5Z\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEoWS1UfxI1pvS7Es9A7nec\">3D profilometry technology is widely used in various industries, sciences, and technologies, primarily for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-inspection\/\">inspection<\/a> and measurement purposes. Whether <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/what-is-pcb-manual-inspection\/\">manual<\/a>, visual, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-aoi-inspection\/\">AOI<\/a>, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-x-ray-inspection\/\">X-ray<\/a> inspection, increasingly advanced technology caters to the evolving needs of the PCB industry. Conventional inspection techniques are often not competent to identify defects like warpage and improper soldering joints mainly in high-speed and high-density electronics.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEoWS1UfxI1pvS7Es9A7nec\"><strong>ELE PCB<\/strong> will introduce the technology of 3D laser profilometry, covering its <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">applications, benefits, comparisons with other inspection methods, and practical tips.<\/span><\/strong><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b53cd9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b53cd9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71908f17\" data-id=\"71908f17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f19646 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8f19646\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccf1248 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ccf1248\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20300\" alt=\"3D profilometry2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry2-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry2-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4fa2ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a4fa2ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>What is 3D Profilometry?<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6bf150 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e6bf150\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-be5d608 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"be5d608\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ca52ea\" data-id=\"2ca52ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a02d48f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a02d48f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwz0xnppt4Lmolw6Aufw2Nd\">3D profiling is a technique used to measure the surface characteristics and geometry of an object. It is a technique that employs <strong>high-precision, non-contact optical measurement.<\/strong> Unlike standard metrology tools, 3D profilometry employs<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> structured light or laser triangulation<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">to measure surface profiles<\/span> without physically contacting the sample.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuIfW0Wbsb6j1Y332nSNEUc\">The technique consists of projecting a patterned structure (most frequently light grids or fringe patterns) on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/enepig\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"759\">surface of the PCB<\/a>. A sensor records the reflected light after a laser beam is directed onto the object&#8217;s surface. The elevations and contours of the object can be precisely determined from the fluctuations in the reflection. High-resolution cameras record these deformations, which are then processed with software algorithms to reconstruct the full 3D surface profile with submicron accuracy.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf9681e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf9681e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-72622353\" data-id=\"72622353\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b104668 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b104668\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"Od1KdRbUioLpgcxZuPtcsnNHnTf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"Od1KdRbUioLpgcxZuPtcsnNHnTf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzhBnKQJlP1rqbwJabFcYke\">The <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>advantages of using 3D laser profilometry<\/strong> <\/span>include:<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYFuratyvUD3BAVAjZEuYqd\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Multi-visual:<\/strong> Detailed 3D profiles of the PCB pads and tracks can be created, suitable for detailed inspection.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQRW9xZnTP0Dj9bFfYz96Jh\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Enhanced <\/strong><strong>Productivity<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>Automated solutions decrease the time for inspection and increase volume.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn99509UGjod8ab0swPJFsDg\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Early <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-failure-and-common-issues\/\">Fault Detection<\/a>:<\/strong> Helps find problems in time in production, which can minimize waste and rework.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a04f0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a04f0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-533fafa\" data-id=\"533fafa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ae50d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5ae50d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-494239e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"494239e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Applications for PCB Inspection<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d930ea9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d930ea9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnVHlpO5xFRkGhbpX83lEy0d\">3D profile and laser measurement techniques have been incorporated into the present PCB inspection. This enables manufacturers to <span style=\"color: #008000;\">identify micro-scale defects invisible to traditional inspection methods<\/span>, thereby improving reliability and increasing product volume. The following are the applications of the above technologies in the PCB manufacturing process:<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-04fa40b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"04fa40b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b99b24e\" data-id=\"b99b24e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fbc56a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fbc56a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcng3t7xmhHc7NLjnREpElhAb\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUDIlnUDtYPMhO6B9AL6kUh\">Measuring PCB Warpage<\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnZHlGIfvC51BYyrAdH5d1Vf\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/bow-and-twist-of-pcb\/\">PCB Warpage<\/a> means the bending or twisting in a PCB that is caused by<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-thermal-management\/\"> thermal<\/a> stress, a mismatch between the various board materials, or improper way the PCB was stored after <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-assembly-process-and-services\/\">assembly<\/a>. Even <strong>a slight warpage can cause poor solder joint formation<\/strong>, resulting in the electrical connection to work intermittently or fail altogether.<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAxJkUVCKaWXiX1n9L3yiqh\"><div><div>3D optical profilometry scans the board\u2019s surface by emitting a laser beam. The degree of warpage affects the way the laser beam is reflected. By analyzing these variations, <span style=\"color: #008000;\">the device can quickly and accurately determine the board\u2019s warpage<\/span>.<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad3e30b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ad3e30b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fa81a7\" data-id=\"6fa81a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65277dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65277dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcng3t7xmhHc7NLjnREpElhAb\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcne0wyjJjvwswioRI1nZg6bh\">\u00a0\u00a0Solder Joint Inspection<\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEcBhiddl0BdahDZqAvHHAf\">The integrity of the solder joint(s) is essential for both <strong>electrical continuity and mechanical stability.<\/strong> Conventional 2D inspection systems are only visual, so it is difficult to determine the volume, height or depth of the solder joint. Solder joints are analyzed volumetrically with 3D profilometry \u2013 quantifying such characteristics as:<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYFjVFnnxBJrfeZoV9yay0d\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Solder volume<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqJg5yGx7VVMoyx9lE5KCWf\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Height and wetting angles<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn05wrlcE6U3z41Na8QjyXKc\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Formation of a bridge between the leads<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcna2LxQBvkbIGtZO5zK1WTAd\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Presence of Voids or Inadequate filling.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f6979bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f6979bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-67d7ae6\" data-id=\"67d7ae6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a619b4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a619b4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaYZtUeuxWwdK0OWbrROPfb\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnDyGNJ8sXeMdvT3doWozEJd\">Verification of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-component-placement\/\">Component Placements<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcnafDub2THmTzR354uJtpUqO\">3D measurement methods are used to <span style=\"color: #008000;\">verify the location and orientation of parts for errors in positioning that may impede performance.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYIVJ9eBvYJaWXcaqmX2Yvd\">Key verifications include:<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnHavK81uxArSZa85eVFq4zc\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Height and tilt angle of components<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnireM3QCvq7FcVHcCc3tfvc\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>X-Y alignment with pad layout<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnVrFh5k602oW4Svjf3Izo5e\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Skewed or rotated parts<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn9n7GazNaWW5WALgA0P8xHh\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>Floating leads or tombstoning<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-744dba2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"744dba2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6053c86\" data-id=\"6053c86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15ce520 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15ce520\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaYZtUeuxWwdK0OWbrROPfb\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcniF8yR1BpMsXQGSODdPFQ1c\">Surface Roughness Analysis<\/h3><div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjKZrL0nt97q3fn8j4l2Psb\">Profilometry supplies objective surface-roughness measurements useful for process control and quality assurance. Using an optical profilometer can help ensure:<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4hRi5O5h8BUJpb0u0teyHd\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Solderability:<\/strong> Too smooth could result in a weak joint, a lack of solder wetting, and too rough could trap flux or air, causing voids.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEovbxdHFiNV6RaPJvErJQd\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Adherence: <\/strong>Protective <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/choose-the-right-pcb-conformal-coating\/\">coatings<\/a> such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-solder-mask\/\">solder masks<\/a> or conformal coatings need a uniform surface profile to ensure proper adhesion and coverage.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn7ZjWIUw0oloRBnob5eeEwg\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Etching Uniformity:<\/strong> PCB etching is susceptible to surface roughness that will contribute to non-uniform <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-etching-definition-types-process\/\">etching<\/a> of copper, which affects the circuit line definition and operation.<\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnRwcCKdqP0owAPyOlVm3rrh\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Electrical Performance:<\/strong> The surface of the board has an impact on the impedance\/signal integrity of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/high-frequency-pcb\/\">high-frequency<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/rf-pcb\/\">RF PCBs.<\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd3a7d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bd3a7d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"781\" height=\"616\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/surface-measurement-through-3D-profilometry-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20303\" alt=\"surface measurement through 3D profilometry\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/surface-measurement-through-3D-profilometry-1.jpg 781w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/surface-measurement-through-3D-profilometry-1-300x237.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/surface-measurement-through-3D-profilometry-1-768x606.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/surface-measurement-through-3D-profilometry-1-15x12.jpg 15w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 781px) 100vw, 781px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-259979c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"259979c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d07afc4\" data-id=\"d07afc4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18d187d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18d187d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaYZtUeuxWwdK0OWbrROPfb\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnBpqPzIcLGpvLJzFIRbDM1b\">\u00a0Measurement of Vias<\/h3><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnXseDJ64lygtFXTPAjdKjee\">The two most common ways of fixing components to circuit boards are<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/what-is-through-hole-pcb\/\"> through-hole technology (THT)<\/a> and<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/smt-pcb-service\/\"> surface mount technology (SMT)<\/a>. THT uses perforated through holes, while SMT uses blind through holes that enter the panel only at a certain depth to connect the different <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-layers\/\">layers<\/a> of the internal circuits. The use of 3D profilometry allows <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-manufacturing-process-and-services\/\">manufacturers<\/a> to <strong>detect the depth of the hole, and identify any potential issues within it<\/strong>, <span style=\"color: #008000;\">without causing any damage to the PCB.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c76f4a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c76f4a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5c0e85\" data-id=\"e5c0e85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ff8078 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8ff8078\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"323\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/via-inspection-1024x414.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20301\" alt=\"via inspection\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/via-inspection-1024x414.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/via-inspection-300x121.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/via-inspection-768x310.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/via-inspection-18x7.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/via-inspection.jpg 1071w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1fd60e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1fd60e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d370c0b\" data-id=\"d370c0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a91624 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3a91624\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09b83d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"09b83d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Conventional Inspection Methods Comparison<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d03cf94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d03cf94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"true\"><div><table class=\"ace-table\" data-ace-table-col-widths=\"110;102;78;160;98;128;208\"><colgroup> <col width=\"110\" \/> <col width=\"102\" \/> <col width=\"78\" \/> <col width=\"160\" \/> <col width=\"98\" \/> <col width=\"128\" \/> <col width=\"208\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnLYGj0gxBk2RObwDKgZ7Wfe\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Inspection Method<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn5yqmIzzMhukalIMHVxTObd\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Contact\/Non-Contact<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnndokHzVksqt6YaunYIlvYd\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>2D\/3D Analysis<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnJ2dk4J4DHAF0BkBM22Ajxe\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Detectable Defects<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqNwNHwRvP0zv9aT1OHaxde\"><strong>Accuracy<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn5lRT0nYfqPeSq0EpZVJ8cd\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Cost<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqYD6N0irZ8f4FBymgMtP7g\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Optimal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/applications\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"756\">Application<\/a><\/strong><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsM9IwxWyNAfaXxm4Wk9bgb\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Manual <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-short-circuit\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"755\">Visual Inspection<\/a><\/strong><\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQRclLi8LFaeMxZseOvtkuc\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Contact<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-P4fPd7ZxZoyOMIxktaUcYWq9nWf\">\u00a0<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn88B6w8Fwqcory4pCE54Ytd\" style=\"text-align: center;\">2D<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnXTVn5XQUzX3Kzu2W9r43Xg\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Severe warpage<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnvwbGZuRRMFzuFJkHbl2s6b\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Visible damage<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnJhjNxNPoCJHLnk1ErMq8Pb\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&gt;\u00b150\u03bcm (height errors)<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnZ8QpLiSEi1XiGQ2Z7INzuh\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/low-cost-pcb-assembly\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"760\">Low labor costs<\/a> but high hidden costs<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnxuaLpFTcg476hWrjYUomoe\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Sampling at any stage<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuiqyyZmS20QbNg30I0967g\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>2D <\/strong><strong>AOI<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAEE6XUgbR4bEUb0jWyCRuh\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Non-Contact<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8KEAkjfdMa3TcydsYW6mLh\" style=\"text-align: center;\">2D<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnBMh0trOLY5U1T2xdrPQeJc\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Component misplacement<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsJcqFlexW8m2lAtiGhtTaf\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Solder bridging (2D)<\/div><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnBeeXyVPgVrsXtUdXcTQRgg\">\u00b120\u03bcm (planar defects)<\/div><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcncmrZ6OBHUzs0cwO9DdIoHW\">Medium<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2gAXpxHtB5NuyYij6l3lef\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Post-SMT placement<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnplcP0zNiYhSXs2XtqGDceh\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>X-ray<\/strong><strong> Inspection<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnkRDNwMnsCz080w2RwxTj1g\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Non-Contact<\/div><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcncJVnPxpWgf4q4DR9MaMLjd\">2D\/3D<\/div><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnTCDrdDWriXfCZ8LFZaWsWO\">BGA voids<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaUSkb4JGkZUDlIyYppYCah\">Insufficient hole fill<\/div><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngZBQAakrq7vlAl2VOUw1Hf\">\u00b15\u03bcm (internal defects)<\/div><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnV7c3zLfNQd8Bim6wAk1MEd\">High<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQL2lNMthISE5xQyQpVLZsb\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Post-reflow<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnTjJpTiLswebyhFTFHiVdMe\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>3D Profilometry<\/strong><\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMjd5pQTGq5homwxPrkjKag\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Non-Contact<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnbYDKWWkMtlHzIkxOLybUmf\" style=\"text-align: center;\">3D<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnClqjDA2JgIsYnt3Qx061mc\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-solder-paste\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"754\">Solder paste<\/a> thickness\/volume<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcntaP20Kf25ImAdA5LfKvT6e\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Lead coplanarity (\u00b110\u03bcm)<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcncp5MYwI5lhD8Zdkvs0qMph\" style=\"text-align: center;\">PCB micro-warpage (0.1mm\/m\u00b2)<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWgRIp5PydK6tsJQcA1aBse\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Z-axis: \u00b11~3\u03bcm<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn81AftsP1WfCmHMbk0TG6pb\" style=\"text-align: center;\">(3D topography reconstruction)<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/div><div style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnfjpt2H1UpyTcqN3vOpBQcf\" style=\"text-align: center;\">High<\/div><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnD9IvEOc2e8AhQOsSEtA16f\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Post-stencil printing (SPI)<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnK0ty1LDMWN2th68ssoUHzh\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Pre-reflow (warpage)<\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnFiLBUDNqQXumeaZIcHXuMf\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Critical component placement<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-06c52d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"06c52d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2656022\" data-id=\"2656022\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1821885 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1821885\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h3 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnLztWVx353Y79LtbfLURiVd\"><strong>Practical Tips:<\/strong><\/h3><h4>Selection of 3d profilometry device<\/h4><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQoifKM1qNUopwViBQBwXMb\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>For<strong> high-precision applications<\/strong> such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/ball-grid-array-guide-to-bga-packages\/\">BGA<\/a> or 0201 components, it&#8217;s essential to <strong>use hybrid laser and structured light systems<\/strong>(e.g., Omron VT-S730). The measuring <span style=\"color: #008000;\">tolerance requirements of such components are \u226410\u03bcm<strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/div><\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWbYvldjqSRGfR7coZVMP6d\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div>When the<strong> size of panels is &gt;450mm<\/strong>, you&#8217;d better <strong>use wide-scan systems<\/strong> (e.g., Koh Young KY8030-2 with 510mm scan width) to cover the panels. For example, <span style=\"color: #008000;\">server and backplane PCBs<\/span> are of large panels.<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d15e886 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d15e886\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><h4 class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoWWzFMjjKUWRukhT22Tioe\">Position in the manufacturing process<\/h4><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnbrQI6qL3DCA0d80rVOGSmf\">If applied in the<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong> solder paste inspection (SPI),<\/strong><\/span> the position of 3D profilometry is better after the solder printer process:<\/div><div><strong>Solder Printer \u2192 3D Scanner \u2192 Real-time SPC Software \u2192 Printer Parameter Adjustment<\/strong><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be9db2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"be9db2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"183\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-1-1024x234.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20307\" alt=\"3D profilometry position 1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-1-1024x234.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-1-300x69.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-1-768x176.png 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-1-1536x351.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-1-18x4.png 18w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-1.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9121e5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9121e5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnc2u2ws6T3brfDeBqAlPr5b\">If applied in <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>warpage monitoring implementati<span style=\"color: #008000;\">o<\/span>n<\/strong><\/span>, 3D profilometry can be at two positions:<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95076cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95076cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngbP8mJGq3e70OyXDBnscmh\"><strong>Pre-Reflow Scanner \u2192 Reflow Oven \u2192 Post-Reflow Scanner<\/strong><\/div><ul><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnVJfvQXzzlfKxD6vLPaKvFd\">Pre-reflow scan: Establish baseline panel flatness<\/li><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn3H0T5KP9gKoPZDFOmAwCjg\">Post-reflow scan: Measure CTE-induced deformation<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa4b700 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aa4b700\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"183\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-2-1024x234.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20308\" alt=\"3D profilometry position 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-2-1024x234.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-2-300x69.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-2-768x176.png 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-2-1536x351.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-2-18x4.png 18w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/3D-profilometry-position-2.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8b649c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8b649c2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ac8a3d\" data-id=\"0ac8a3d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb69ceb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb69ceb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Emerging Trends in PCB Inspection<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-860c7ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"860c7ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn3AiIrHhQTycqlJpLBzDxuf\"><div data-page-id=\"DZAsdetJroFkxcxeVQjcyfnNnDg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PPY7de5WRopnv4x96NMctjlEnLc\"><div data-page-id=\"V9bCdJ9ZWoATVLx2UU9c6USUn1g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-A2Z3dPdGZoHB2fxA4WHcamg7nLf\"><div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSqBcIFgsOnDBPl73wbVymg\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYLqUym0T1QvViJKZnbRTje\">There is likely to be greater integration of 3D profilometry with laser measurement used in PCB inspection, as technology advances and electronic components become more complex.<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Future trends<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">include:<\/span><\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcntzE7PrPgs3BwT01lmyRWcd\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Integration of AI<\/strong><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnLZuZlXrrTzIfUtufLts6rf\">Use <strong>AI algorithms<\/strong> that can analyze inspection data, <span style=\"color: #008000;\">increasing the accuracy of detecting defects and predictive maintenance.<\/span><\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnXiqIDNaEu0UlUueI07T5he\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Automation Development<\/strong><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSRcVcZwBlEZ6bPn7k2ZSyg\">Creation of adaptive, fully <strong>automated inspection<\/strong> solutions for different <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-layout-design-process-and-guidelines\/\">PCB designs<\/a> and complexities.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnfDsrLQLWJ1C6VaWQbA5Khb\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Miniaturization<\/strong><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngSDDWE1yOj7qrt5DqFzOee\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Developing small-sized inspection tools<\/span> needed for high packing density and minute PCBs.<\/div><ul class=\"list-bullet1\"><li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEq4TjUk4ZFUnc3M0RTYeDf\" data-list=\"bullet\"><div><strong>Real-time monitoring<\/strong><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnnvtnMb76Z7hH3tSRsatbid\">Developing monitoring systems with online access to inspection during production, to take direct action during <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/ict-test-in-pcb\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"761\">production when quality<\/a> problems occur.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-15d990eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"15d990eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-168cd526\" data-id=\"168cd526\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c076304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c076304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-591f967c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"591f967c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58da423b\" data-id=\"58da423b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a9eaadc elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a9eaadc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"GW6PdL1e9oOge9xYSLecxEkSn1c\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnN7lxgkE6Mt6TrlERdAWNCg\"><div data-page-id=\"RuaBdnxrpo2N0BxXQAJcJzvhnRg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnv4xDBWKwgOp91YEakw3Tnd\">With the development of 3D profilometry and laser measurement, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/immersion-silver-pcb-surface-finish\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"758\">PCB surface<\/a> inspection has been <strong>transformed into an accurate, non-contact, all-around analysis.<\/strong> These technologies <span style=\"color: #008000;\">enable defect detection, increased effectiveness of the manufacturing process, and product reliability.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKdlJKQV0GUAegUsQkYp57e\"><strong>ELE PCB<\/strong> specializes in advanced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/avi-inspection-system\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"757\">PCB inspection systems<\/a> by adopting the latest technology to provide <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">a high-quality PCB<\/span><\/strong>. We attach great importance to the quality of our products, keeping strict <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-quality-control\/\">quality control<\/a> throughout the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/electronics-manufacturing\/\">manufacturing process<\/a> to ensure products&#8217; precision and durability.<em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\"> Contact us<\/a> to know more about how our services can help you and meet your needs.<\/strong><\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-af5989c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"af5989c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a579c0c\" data-id=\"2a579c0c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b1f2da9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5b1f2da9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2111e52e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2111e52e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-668b01c0\" data-id=\"668b01c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37342720 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37342720\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>FAQs<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a9a7f61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a9a7f61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-707e06fe\" data-id=\"707e06fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1edded77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"1edded77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5171\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5171\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q1: Why do some boards pass 2D AOI but fail in functional (or in-the-field) testing?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5171\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5171\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Gx3Sd5soxoboFqx3TnbcyXIYnZc\">A1: Issues such as component height, tilt, or variation in volume cannot be easily detected using 2D Automated Optical Inspection (AOI). 3D profilometry provides depth insight detecting issues such as inadequate solder, lifted leads, or tilted components that lead to field failures.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5172\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5172\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q2: What is the inspection solution to minimize the misalignment issues that pick-and-place machines have reported?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5172\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5172\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M9qsd9CqzowDS2x2lqOcn1e8nEg\">A2: 3D profilometry and laser measurement will be available for checking coplanarity and alignment at the time of placement. These techniques are used to detect and compensate for misalignments before <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-reflow-soldering\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"753\">reflow soldering<\/a>.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5173\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5173\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q3: Is it possible to determine delamination or any copper thickness variation with laser-based systems?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5173\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5173\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\"><div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M9qsd9CqzowDS2x2lqOcn1e8nEg\"><div data-page-id=\"CrCXdzoh9obrmAxPAzucOyoDnD4\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\"><div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KbOmdCjUlo25IgxqaLNcVo7pn7b\">A3: Laser-based inspection readily identifies surface irregularities, e.g., bulges or height variation, suggestive of internal stress. But inside, delamination is more effectively detected with X-ray inspection. Nevertheless, 3D profilometry offers useful early signs of these defects.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72b68d12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72b68d12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46a34694\" data-id=\"46a34694\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-651c3920 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"651c3920\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"2056\" class=\"elementor elementor-2056\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6012901 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6012901\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afac9b2\" data-id=\"afac9b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b379375 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b379375\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15779\" alt=\"pcb and pcba products 1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8968fc1\" data-id=\"8968fc1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c3b5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c0c3b5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15819\" alt=\"contact us\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a17958a\" data-id=\"a17958a\" data-element_type=\"column\" 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Address\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"email\" name=\"form_fields[message]\" id=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-tel elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_373bda7 elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhone Number\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"tel\" name=\"form_fields[field_373bda7]\" id=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" pattern=\"[0-9()#&amp;+*-=.]+\" title=\"Csak a sz\u00e1mok \u00e9s telefonkarakterek (#, -, * stb.) fogadhat\u00f3k el.\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-checkbox elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_c168eb1 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI am interested in (select all that apply)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-subgroup  elementor-subgroup-inline\"><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\">Rigid PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\">Flexible Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Aluminum PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\">Flexible Aluminum PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible PCB Microcircuits\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\">Flexible PCB Microcircuits<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\">Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid-Flex\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\">Rigid-Flex<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\">Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\">Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Copper Core\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\">Copper Core<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"IC Substrates &amp; Interposer\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\">IC Substrates & Interposer<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"High TG PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\">High TG PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Heavy Copper\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\">Heavy Copper<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"PCB Assembly\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\">PCB Assembly<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Components Sourcing\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\">Components Sourcing<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Other\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\">Other<\/label><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-upload elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_2cea676 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUpload Your Files (Optional)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"file\" name=\"form_fields[field_2cea676]\" id=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-upload-field\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_9ceb2c8 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMessage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field  elementor-size-sm\" name=\"form_fields[field_9ceb2c8]\" id=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Submit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-123957a9\" data-id=\"123957a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents 3D profilometry technology is widely used in various industries, sciences, and technologies, primarily for inspection and measurement purposes. Whether manual, visual, AOI, or X-ray inspection, increasingly advanced technology caters to the evolving needs of the PCB industry. Conventional inspection techniques are often not competent to identify defects like warpage and improper soldering [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":20298,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[114,129],"class_list":["post-20297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-pcb-inspection","tag-pcb-manufacturing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20297"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20565,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20297\/revisions\/20565"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20298"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}