{"id":21428,"date":"2025-09-17T16:11:25","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T08:11:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/?p=21428"},"modified":"2025-09-17T16:11:25","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T08:11:25","slug":"pcb-via-filling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/blog\/pcb-via-filling\/","title":{"rendered":"Che cos'\u00e8 il riempimento delle vie dei circuiti stampati? Tipi, processo e suggerimenti per la progettazione"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21428\" class=\"elementor elementor-21428\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59efb455 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59efb455\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31117e29\" data-id=\"31117e29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34edcfc0 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"34edcfc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__34edcfc0\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-791d4b63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"791d4b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"MMJ3dYqfMo488CxSgojc9hJ2nxR\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzwWQ93rSlNWaDOzmxWNHbg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DukudHr24oxYodxfykKcspSwn5E\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Da34drIOgotsMQxoJxlcUGwBn3d\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcntDESjy0M2CdxeEkl34Yo2f\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-manufacturing-process-and-services\/\">PCB manufacturing<\/a>, vias connect different layers of a circuit board. As electronic devices become more compact and complex, drilling and plating vias alone are no longer enough for stable performance. This is where <strong>via filling<\/strong> becomes essential, as <span style=\"color: #008000;\">it improves both the electrical reliability and the mechanical strength of the PCB.<\/span> Widely used in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/hdi-pcb\/\" data-wplink-edit=\"true\">HDI boards<\/a> and advanced component packages like BGA and QFN, via filling has become a key technology in achieving miniaturisation, high performance, and durability.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4A0i9l8gEiNdp1OtJnOl3f\">This guide explores PCB via filling, including the definition, types, and manufacturing process of via fill. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/\"><strong>ELEPCB<\/strong><\/a> also provides design guidelines and solutions to common failures that lead to a more robust and high-yield fabrication.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6598f962 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6598f962\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18217549\" data-id=\"18217549\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b870758 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b870758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b53cd9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b53cd9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71908f17\" data-id=\"71908f17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4fa2ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a4fa2ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>What is PCB Via Filling?<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7d6279 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a7d6279\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e05198\" data-id=\"5e05198\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-159a4dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"159a4dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea56d92\" data-id=\"ea56d92\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd46cdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd46cdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnf7BuZvPWHUC0bspgdU84Xe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DZAsdetJroFkxcxeVQjcyfnNnDg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-C4sgdmlmLoxQgNx41rtc5DVOnjc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"BcFSdRB1Gol2zkxdhFscxDvAnDb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O0HFdYO4ho52jExvAJbc8dDXnFg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SnzydsWllo0bm3xovKqcokF1nHe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"R9endOKSfohZDYxDRQXcy4SMnif\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn3dXmgPTeT8LCl4K0ao7yIh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0096ojmZsCCcANe5A1ypVO\">\n<div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjMbtaK2pVA9QVd5GaiW1rd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"NRLEdDiB4om67uxCN22caz9Gn3g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4CITzJf2qdAXlu9dCCo1jh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Mlo1dHQWRoT8Mgxnab7cKZn4nlg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnY013220Fe7mUbPEDdyOvAd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Sqtwdp27oof9MJxYZSacwYrGncg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnx1sE93GlmXTOHseTdPb84e\">\n<div data-page-id=\"MMJ3dYqfMo488CxSgojc9hJ2nxR\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKu2WPt5R3EggfFSqq5korc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DukudHr24oxYodxfykKcspSwn5E\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DseLdRXjyoHmPlxdCQ2cBukKn2F\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-G9n3dP0Hxo7Vl2x9SKWchtl7nwg\">A <strong>via<\/strong> is a <span style=\"color: #000000;\">tiny hole drilled into a printed circuit board (PCB) to create an electrical connection between different layers.<\/span> In standard PCB designs, vias are typically hollow and plated with copper. Check out this blog post to <strong>learn more about vias<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-via-a-complete-guide\/\">What is PCB Via? A Complete Guide!<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NWbldfRfDov9Tzx5fGNc2Sxfn7e\"><strong>Via filling<\/strong> refers to<strong> filling the holes with conductive or non-conductive materials.<\/strong> Conductive fillers such as silver epoxy or copper allow a path for current to flow through the vias and increase heat dissipation. Non-conductive fillers such as resin or epoxy add mechanical strength to the via structure, prevent solder from flowing into holes during <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-assembly-process-and-services\/\">assembly<\/a>, and form a level surface for component mounting.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e69c29\" data-id=\"2e69c29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6e74f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a6e74f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"745\" height=\"487\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/what-is-via-filling-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21432\" alt=\"what is via filling\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/what-is-via-filling-1.jpg 745w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/what-is-via-filling-1-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/what-is-via-filling-1-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 745px) 100vw, 745px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6f8393 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c6f8393\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-25a0134 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"25a0134\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c0dc11\" data-id=\"5c0dc11\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b83bb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9b83bb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>When to Use Via Filling in PCB Design<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60cd3d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60cd3d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"DukudHr24oxYodxfykKcspSwn5E\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnds9CmP0jFHRKemMDiXfmGf\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MKKhdEjVAotOKgxkokQcFh6dnBc\">PCB Via fill is particularly advantageous in applications where<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/signal-integrity-in-pcb\/\"> signal integrity<\/a>, thermal management, and reliability are paramount.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Iu6PdRTucomK9hxzErDcDlognxg\">On<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/pcb-products\/hdi-pcb\/\"> high-density interconnect (HDI) boards<\/a> with microvias or stacked vias, filling the vias mechanically reinforces the vias and ensures planarity during lamination or component mounting.<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VYRrdtAY4oaVHExMs8Zc1JBhnBc\">Via filling is <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>commonly applied in designs with<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong> vias in pads<\/strong><\/span>, such as under BGAs, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/qfp-vs-qfn-package\/\">QFN<\/a>s, or CSPs.<\/span> This wicks solder and provides a smooth pad surface for stable solder joints.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KWBjdTLLVoyevtx8TfDceK9vnoc\">For <strong>high-speed or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/high-frequency-pcb\/\">high-frequency circuits<\/a>,<\/strong> conductive-filled vias minimize impedance change and signal reflection. For power electronics and thermal pad designs, conductive filling increases the current-carrying capacity and thermal dissipation.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EnDtd69UnonCPoxncqVcJe3wnnE\">When<strong> boards are exposed to humid or corrosive environments<\/strong>, filling seals the vias and improves their long-term reliability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EDz0dteUWoxFxWxPAz3ctOvBnGf\"><strong>Note:<\/strong> If your layout has few vias and <span style=\"color: #008000;\">requires low power and low speed<\/span>, and does not require being highly mechanically rugged, then a basic unfilled (or simply plated) via may suffice.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-39c40a8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"39c40a8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a130080\" data-id=\"a130080\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a9d773 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a9d773\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnf7BuZvPWHUC0bspgdU84Xe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DZAsdetJroFkxcxeVQjcyfnNnDg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-C4sgdmlmLoxQgNx41rtc5DVOnjc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"BcFSdRB1Gol2zkxdhFscxDvAnDb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O0HFdYO4ho52jExvAJbc8dDXnFg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SnzydsWllo0bm3xovKqcokF1nHe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"R9endOKSfohZDYxDRQXcy4SMnif\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn3dXmgPTeT8LCl4K0ao7yIh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0096ojmZsCCcANe5A1ypVO\">\n<div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjMbtaK2pVA9QVd5GaiW1rd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"NRLEdDiB4om67uxCN22caz9Gn3g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4CITzJf2qdAXlu9dCCo1jh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Mlo1dHQWRoT8Mgxnab7cKZn4nlg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnY013220Fe7mUbPEDdyOvAd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Sqtwdp27oof9MJxYZSacwYrGncg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnx1sE93GlmXTOHseTdPb84e\">\n<div data-page-id=\"MMJ3dYqfMo488CxSgojc9hJ2nxR\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKu2WPt5R3EggfFSqq5korc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DukudHr24oxYodxfykKcspSwn5E\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-KwWRdr2TcoM72txudmTcd9YHnNg\"><strong>Via Filling vs. Via Plugging<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EF9CdWR0OoyadfxdBbvcjgRbnPc\">It is important to distinguish between <strong>via filling<\/strong> and <strong>via plugging<\/strong>. While both involve covering or sealing vias, via plugging usually means <strong>closing the via partially with <\/strong><strong>solder mask<\/strong><strong> or resin<\/strong>, whereas via filling refers to <strong>completely filling the via barrel<\/strong>. Filled vias are often required in <strong>via-in-pad designs<\/strong>, especially under fine-pitch packages like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/ball-grid-array-guide-to-bga-packages\/\">BGA<\/a>s, where a smooth and reliable pad surface is critical.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3f4a54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c3f4a54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table><colgroup><col width=\"144\" \/><col width=\"292\" \/><col width=\"296\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff;\">Feature \/ Aspect<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff;\">Via Filling<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff;\">Via Plugging<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Definition<\/td>\n<td>The process of completely filling the via barrel with conductive or non-conductive material<\/td>\n<td>The process of partially closing the via using solder mask or resin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Material Used<\/td>\n<td>Conductive paste (e.g., silver epoxy, copper) or non-conductive resin\/epoxy<\/td>\n<td>Mainly solder mask ink or resin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Coverage<\/td>\n<td>Fills the entire via hole (barrel)<\/td>\n<td>Seals the via opening partially, not filling the entire hole<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Surface Result<\/td>\n<td>Creates a flat and solid pad surface, suitable for component mounting<\/td>\n<td>Surface may still have a slight depression or bump<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Application<\/td>\n<td data-sheet-value=\"[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Common in via-in-pad designs for &quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;style&quot;:{&quot;font&quot;:&quot;bold 10pt\/1.5 MonospacedNumber, LarkHackSafariFont, LarkEmojiFont, LarkChineseQuote, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \\&quot;Helvetica Neue\\&quot;, Tahoma, \\&quot;PingFang SC\\&quot;, \\&quot;Microsoft Yahei\\&quot;, Arial, \\&quot;Hiragino Sans GB\\&quot;, sans-serif, \\&quot;Apple Color Emoji\\&quot;, \\&quot;Segoe UI Emoji\\&quot;, \\&quot;Segoe UI Symbol\\&quot;, \\&quot;Noto Color Emoji\\&quot;&quot;,&quot;foreColor&quot;:&quot;rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;},&quot;text&quot;:&quot;BGA\/QFN packages&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;, HDI PCBs, and high-frequency boards&quot;}]\">Common in via-in-pad designs for BGA\/QFN packages, HDI PCBs, and high-frequency boards<\/td>\n<td>Used where vias need to be protected from contamination or solder leakage, but not necessarily flattened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Advantages<\/td>\n<td>Improves reliability, prevents solder wicking, enhances thermal &amp; electrical performance<\/td>\n<td>Lower cost, simpler process, sufficient for less demanding applications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Best Use Case<\/td>\n<td>High-density, fine-pitch designs requiring high reliability<\/td>\n<td>Standard boards where cost efficiency is more important<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a8dd60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8a8dd60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a33bac1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a33bac1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d1303b\" data-id=\"9d1303b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6e074a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a6e074a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd39e58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd39e58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Types of Via Fillings<\/strong><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee1de6f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee1de6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"NRLEdDiB4om67uxCN22caz9Gn3g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line text-indent ace-line old-record-id-doxcn65MLtk7FGWXuXhdEFvB1xe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Mlo1dHQWRoT8Mgxnab7cKZn4nlg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzm2gSz3AzyNo3pfyun4DVb\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Sqtwdp27oof9MJxYZSacwYrGncg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnvE00xrOlXNuFDjW6Z2sWth\">\n<div data-page-id=\"MMJ3dYqfMo488CxSgojc9hJ2nxR\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DukudHr24oxYodxfykKcspSwn5E\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-F4BNdxFNZopKAbxIaG4cppHln5S\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6Ai7XBHkrdlrxyNYbJNXib\"><strong>The PCB via filling material<\/strong> may be selected to <span style=\"color: #008000;\">maximize electrical conduction, thermal dissipation, or some kind of plugging<\/span>; the objective of the filling process usually determines which of those criteria is desired.\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6Ai7XBHkrdlrxyNYbJNXib\">The PCB via filling material may be selected to maximize electrical conduction, thermal dissipation, or some kind of plugging; the objective of the filling process usually determines which of those criteria is desired.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7e04168 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7e04168\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-579ebc1\" data-id=\"579ebc1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f01ce5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f01ce5b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4cfd57d\" data-id=\"4cfd57d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f89c10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f89c10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnf7BuZvPWHUC0bspgdU84Xe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DZAsdetJroFkxcxeVQjcyfnNnDg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-C4sgdmlmLoxQgNx41rtc5DVOnjc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"BcFSdRB1Gol2zkxdhFscxDvAnDb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O0HFdYO4ho52jExvAJbc8dDXnFg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SnzydsWllo0bm3xovKqcokF1nHe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"R9endOKSfohZDYxDRQXcy4SMnif\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn3dXmgPTeT8LCl4K0ao7yIh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0096ojmZsCCcANe5A1ypVO\">\n<div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjMbtaK2pVA9QVd5GaiW1rd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"NRLEdDiB4om67uxCN22caz9Gn3g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4CITzJf2qdAXlu9dCCo1jh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Mlo1dHQWRoT8Mgxnab7cKZn4nlg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnY013220Fe7mUbPEDdyOvAd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Sqtwdp27oof9MJxYZSacwYrGncg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnx1sE93GlmXTOHseTdPb84e\">\n<div data-page-id=\"MMJ3dYqfMo488CxSgojc9hJ2nxR\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKu2WPt5R3EggfFSqq5korc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DukudHr24oxYodxfykKcspSwn5E\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqfNZrUUBeXL7RBIRRe3z03\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcny7D2vYMeidfWjWgUBtGcid\"><strong>Conductive Epoxy Fill<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqfNZrUUBeXL7RBIRRe3z03\">A conductive epoxy fill consists of <span style=\"color: #008000;\">a special material made up of a polymer resin with metallic elements<\/span>,resulting in copper filled vias or silver filled vias. This produces a hard-topped plug that serves both an electrical conduction and augmented warm conductivity between the barrel of the via. <strong>It is mainly utilized in via-in-pad<\/strong>, where it is critical in the creation of a solderable flat area over the via.<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnbbC1d6bVnOApuOk30BIEwd\">An example of this is the use of conductive epoxy-filled vias that may be<strong> used to place a solder ball on a pad directly beneath a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/ball-grid-array-guide-to-bga-packages\/\">Ball Grid Array (BGA)<\/a> component<\/strong> and efficiently dissipate heat away from the processor to keep the CPU cool and ensure secure electrical performance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac0df35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ac0df35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8ad487 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8ad487\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2465af8\" data-id=\"2465af8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d503e83 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d503e83\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a0bf7ea\" data-id=\"a0bf7ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f6a24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"84f6a24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnf7BuZvPWHUC0bspgdU84Xe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DZAsdetJroFkxcxeVQjcyfnNnDg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-C4sgdmlmLoxQgNx41rtc5DVOnjc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"BcFSdRB1Gol2zkxdhFscxDvAnDb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O0HFdYO4ho52jExvAJbc8dDXnFg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SnzydsWllo0bm3xovKqcokF1nHe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"R9endOKSfohZDYxDRQXcy4SMnif\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn3dXmgPTeT8LCl4K0ao7yIh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0096ojmZsCCcANe5A1ypVO\">\n<div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjMbtaK2pVA9QVd5GaiW1rd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"NRLEdDiB4om67uxCN22caz9Gn3g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4CITzJf2qdAXlu9dCCo1jh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Mlo1dHQWRoT8Mgxnab7cKZn4nlg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnY013220Fe7mUbPEDdyOvAd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Sqtwdp27oof9MJxYZSacwYrGncg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnx1sE93GlmXTOHseTdPb84e\">\n<div data-page-id=\"MMJ3dYqfMo488CxSgojc9hJ2nxR\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKu2WPt5R3EggfFSqq5korc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DukudHr24oxYodxfykKcspSwn5E\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUuHCcPoLtUBFIElRfYLiEf\"><strong>Non-conductive Epoxy Fill<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnRoKhnQcXNiVY8bVZfdoARe\">Non-conductive epoxy fill is <span style=\"color: #008000;\">an insulating polymer paste to fill a via barrel fully<\/span>, but to ensure no pathway is formed. It is mainly <strong>intended to be used to prevent catastrophic assembly failures<\/strong>, like solder wicking, where solder flows down a hole during reflow as a result of an empty hole, starving the surface joint and leaving it open. It is <strong>also useful to seal the hole to trap process chemicals or moisture<\/strong> that may later volatilize and cause delamination or &#8220;popcorning.&#8221;<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnB54O8QykjPfjdIlVjWA5jh\">A typical application is to <strong>border the periphery of a large-scale BGA and fill the vias in areas that are not being fan-out<\/strong>, so solder is not at every joint where it is not needed, and thus reliability is compromised.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c70f1f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c70f1f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b152773 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b152773\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb56280\" data-id=\"bb56280\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-edba99c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"edba99c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9bf94f9\" data-id=\"9bf94f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-093206f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"093206f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"TqxMdcUfko5oeMxtxTdc8mIan5f\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnf7BuZvPWHUC0bspgdU84Xe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DZAsdetJroFkxcxeVQjcyfnNnDg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-C4sgdmlmLoxQgNx41rtc5DVOnjc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"BcFSdRB1Gol2zkxdhFscxDvAnDb\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O0HFdYO4ho52jExvAJbc8dDXnFg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SnzydsWllo0bm3xovKqcokF1nHe\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"R9endOKSfohZDYxDRQXcy4SMnif\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn3dXmgPTeT8LCl4K0ao7yIh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"XMaGd765qowddoxaKhBcUxbEn2g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0096ojmZsCCcANe5A1ypVO\">\n<div data-page-id=\"EZC3d1FV5o7LwoxA5rycVKednug\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjMbtaK2pVA9QVd5GaiW1rd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"NRLEdDiB4om67uxCN22caz9Gn3g\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4CITzJf2qdAXlu9dCCo1jh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Mlo1dHQWRoT8Mgxnab7cKZn4nlg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnY013220Fe7mUbPEDdyOvAd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"Sqtwdp27oof9MJxYZSacwYrGncg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnx1sE93GlmXTOHseTdPb84e\">\n<div data-page-id=\"MMJ3dYqfMo488CxSgojc9hJ2nxR\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKu2WPt5R3EggfFSqq5korc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DukudHr24oxYodxfykKcspSwn5E\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6Y0Gppp9jUBPE5G2DV1TUg\"><strong>Soldermask Fill<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnJ8ymbuXtEsZ28LeMn1nXb6\">Soldermask fill involves the <span style=\"color: #008000;\">use of Liquid Photo Imageable (LPI) soldermask material to fill the openings of via holes<\/span>. This is a very cost-effective way of ensuring basic environmental protection and protecting the via against moisture and minimal contamination. But, since the spans chiefly extend across the opening in the form of a bridge, it most frequently leaves an air-space beneath and is not quite a perfectly flat surface. It is, therefore, inappropriate to use via-in-pad applications where planarity is of utmost importance in placing the component. Moreover, it also provides no heat conduction or strengthening.<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwVOsKgeu1p8oHQAK4ruscf\">A traditional application is in<strong> low-cost consumer electronics<\/strong>, where vias are routed in non-critical areas where the flatness of the surface is not the top priority.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c65fbea elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c65fbea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80061e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"80061e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-KZwZdK6kzoMsBcxVaH6cLZfInJd\"><strong>Comparison Table of Via Filling Methods<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table><colgroup><col width=\"130\" \/><col width=\"101\" \/><col width=\"125\" \/><col width=\"105\" \/><col width=\"125\" \/><col width=\"163\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff;\">Via Filling Method<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff;\">Materials Used<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff;\">Key Features<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff;\">Advantages<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff;\">Limitations \/ Considerations<\/td>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #15205e; color: #ffffff;\">Typical Applications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Soldermask Fill<\/td>\n<td>Soldermask ink<\/td>\n<td>Covers the via opening without fully filling the barrel<\/td>\n<td>Low cost, easy to process, prevents contamination and solder bridging<\/td>\n<td>Not a true fill (only covers), weak mechanical strength<\/td>\n<td>Standard PCBs, low-density boards where reliability is not critical<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Non-conductive Epoxy Fill<\/td>\n<td>Epoxy resin, dielectric materials<\/td>\n<td>Completely fills via with insulating material (no conductivity)<\/td>\n<td>Provides mechanical reinforcement, prevents solder wicking, cost-effective<\/td>\n<td>Does not conduct electricity, not suitable for thermal\/current paths<\/td>\n<td data-sheet-value=\"[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;style&quot;:{&quot;font&quot;:&quot;bold 10pt\/1.5 MonospacedNumber, LarkHackSafariFont, LarkEmojiFont, LarkChineseQuote, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \\&quot;Helvetica Neue\\&quot;, Tahoma, \\&quot;PingFang SC\\&quot;, \\&quot;Microsoft Yahei\\&quot;, Arial, \\&quot;Hiragino Sans GB\\&quot;, sans-serif, \\&quot;Apple Color Emoji\\&quot;, \\&quot;Segoe UI Emoji\\&quot;, \\&quot;Segoe UI Symbol\\&quot;, \\&quot;Noto Color Emoji\\&quot;&quot;,&quot;foreColor&quot;:&quot;rgb(0, 0, 0)&quot;},&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Via-in-pad for BGA\/QFN&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;text&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;, HDI PCBs, mechanical strengthening&quot;}]\">Via-in-pad for BGA\/QFN, HDI PCBs, mechanical strengthening<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; border-color: #b1b7c0 #b1b7c0 #dee0e3 #dee0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: #b56408; color: #ffffff;\">Conductive Epoxy Fill<\/td>\n<td>Silver epoxy, conductive paste<\/td>\n<td>Fills via with conductive material, allowing current flow and heat transfer<\/td>\n<td>Enhances thermal dissipation and electrical reliability<\/td>\n<td>Higher cost, risk of voids, requires precise processing<\/td>\n<td>Power electronics, thermal vias, high-performance or high-current designs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-564c19c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"564c19c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d75aa4\" data-id=\"2d75aa4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f683ff5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f683ff5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8af3ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a8af3ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Advantages of Via Filling<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45e10cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"45e10cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4624aea\" data-id=\"4624aea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e028990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e028990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Via filling provides a long list of benefits that are vital to the current PCB manufacturing and assembly process.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d51b343 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d51b343\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Y6MFdWEyTo2RZPxgjRNchcCrn9b\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DukudHr24oxYodxfykKcspSwn5E\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn5pvKGd48DJVP5ZA74TZzgd\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnkI00sYYkRVoSe1DBRNB09f\"><strong>Enhanced Reliability<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUJwRgycxO87bfPytdmCOGe\">Eliminates the entrapment of air, moisture, or process chemicals during assembly (e.g., soldering, cleaning) that may form gases, corrosion, or delamination after assembly.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn1wJc3etT3LFkZRhHCYrtPb\"><strong>Better Thermal Management <\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqinmGcAOSVAZOZQSX0PNzb\">Conductive epoxy fills can be used as thermal vias, where heat can be readily transferred away from high-power components such as CPUs and GPUs to heat sinks on the opposite side of the board.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCXbsVRdttaDA8BbYROcPgH\"><strong>Prevention of Solder Wicking<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn413bsvWxN9kSGoMVYSS7Xg\">During <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/chip-scale-package\/\">surface-mount technology (SMT)<\/a> assembly, a solder paste can wick down through a space in a via, starving the intended joint on the surface and leaving a solder defect. Via blocks this path off.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnFkWgDgEIpZR2FGPbbVxD7G\"><strong>High-Density Design Support<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnyG7oiLkLs7xJDQMjodvb1e\">Filled and capped vias support via-in-pad design, where vias are positioned directly in the component pad. This is required in routing fine-pitch Ball Grid Array (BGA) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/chip-scale-package\/\">chip-scale package (CSP)<\/a> components.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnPr2ukYuF0chwmgGskD7il9\"><strong>Improved Via Planarity<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnJzidZvv63BlnnZUEYjSPFe\">The vias are filled and planarized to provide a planar surface, which is important so that components can be placed accurately on the vias. An unsmooth surface will cause tombstoning or a lack of solder connections.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edd7cf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"edd7cf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4079a59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4079a59\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa462d3\" data-id=\"fa462d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25b1563 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25b1563\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong>Manufacturing Process of Filled Vias<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd3c77c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cd3c77c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"298\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/manufacturing-process-of-filled-via-1024x382.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21441\" alt=\"manufacturing process of filled via\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/manufacturing-process-of-filled-via-1024x382.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/manufacturing-process-of-filled-via-300x112.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/manufacturing-process-of-filled-via-768x286.png 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/manufacturing-process-of-filled-via-1536x573.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/manufacturing-process-of-filled-via-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/manufacturing-process-of-filled-via.png 1882w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5b5b49f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5b5b49f8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6cf953f5\" data-id=\"6cf953f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ae8606 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ae8606\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 1: Drilling <\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-775fc9e8\" data-id=\"775fc9e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b86c934 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b86c934\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 2: Cleaning and Desmear<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a598934\" data-id=\"a598934\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55675cff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"55675cff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 3: Electroless Copper Deposition <\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2375f88c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2375f88c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-55d0fb56\" data-id=\"55d0fb56\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bef7ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2bef7ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAlMJjSaLDjc0NZlEJENmch\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/what-is-through-hole-pcb\/\">Through-holes<\/a> are typical of high-speed, computer-controlled spindle drills with solid carbide drill bits. <strong>Lasers cut through material with accuracy to form clean tapered vias needed in HDI designs.<\/strong> The entry and backup boards are drilled to avoid burring and maintain the quality of clean holes. Both feed rate and spin speed of the drill bit are dynamically determined according to the stack-up material to eliminate as much thermal stress and drill smear as possible.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d4ff8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7d4ff8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"727\" height=\"475\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manufacturing-Process-of-Filled-Vias-drilling.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21431\" alt=\"Manufacturing Process of Filled Vias-drilling\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manufacturing-Process-of-Filled-Vias-drilling.jpg 727w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manufacturing-Process-of-Filled-Vias-drilling-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manufacturing-Process-of-Filled-Vias-drilling-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 727px) 100vw, 727px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d74869e\" data-id=\"2d74869e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-622a726e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"622a726e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-H0oCdIr4Doop3PxDvTicQ1SUndc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-H0oCdIr4Doop3PxDvTicQ1SUndc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4v7PiulcrsbqEadEmFjiNc\"><strong>The holes are cleared of debris, and a chemical process is employed to remove resin smear in inner-layer copper pads.<\/strong> Plasma etchings are used on high-reliability and exotic substrates (or plasma desmear). An anisotropic etching of organic residue is performed by a reactive gas plasma (e.g., CF\u2084\/O\u2082), which produces a cleaner and more microscopically rough surface that improves plating adhesion.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc12f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fdc12f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"658\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manufacturing-Process-of-Filled-Vias-cleaning-and-desmear.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21434\" alt=\"Manufacturing Process of Filled Vias-cleaning and desmear\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manufacturing-Process-of-Filled-Vias-cleaning-and-desmear.jpg 658w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manufacturing-Process-of-Filled-Vias-cleaning-and-desmear-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manufacturing-Process-of-Filled-Vias-cleaning-and-desmear-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33146e39\" data-id=\"33146e39\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-393683d9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"393683d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CpIYdUW3fosYOMxfa9ZcyNoFnHe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CpIYdUW3fosYOMxfa9ZcyNoFnHe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn9rzmJbAQ7wdpXrYS29gBxf\"><strong>Electroless copper plating is used to deposit a thin primary layer of copper on the hole walls so they conduct electricity.<\/strong> The walls of the hole and the board receive a continuous conductive layer of copper (usually 0.5-1.0 \u00b5m) deposited through an autocatalytic chemical reduction process on the entire surface of the walls and board. This is accomplished without electricity.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af72808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"af72808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"610\" height=\"390\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/electroless-copper-deposition.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21433\" alt=\"electroless-copper-deposition\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/electroless-copper-deposition.jpg 610w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/electroless-copper-deposition-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/electroless-copper-deposition-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-431bdcf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"431bdcf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b58f681\" data-id=\"b58f681\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faaca81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"faaca81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 4: Electroplating <\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf89350\" data-id=\"cf89350\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-256f3a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"256f3a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 5: Filling<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-895f64c\" data-id=\"895f64c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba21b02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ba21b02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 6: Curing <\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-56ad9f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"56ad9f4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-baeb8f5\" data-id=\"baeb8f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e432ce1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e432ce1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAlMJjSaLDjc0NZlEJENmch\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8WZT2JXcNsAZPglcIDX7cd\"><strong>A thicker, more robust layer of copper is electroplated onto the hole walls<\/strong> to provide an assured electrical connection. The cathode is attached to the board, and the electrolytic bath contains copper and immerses the board. The copper is deposited on the whole panel surface and the walls of the via holes with a uniform thickness (25-40 \u00b5m or about 1 mil). This creates a solid, cylindrical, copper conductor in the via.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2b24f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d2b24f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"619\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/electroplating-process.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21435\" alt=\"electroplating process\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/electroplating-process.jpg 619w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/electroplating-process-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/electroplating-process-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 619px) 100vw, 619px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5e085a\" data-id=\"e5e085a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-550634c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"550634c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-H0oCdIr4Doop3PxDvTicQ1SUndc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-H0oCdIr4Doop3PxDvTicQ1SUndc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4v7PiulcrsbqEadEmFjiNc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYUyU7UWUUi0hpagFbdd9Ld\">A<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> special squeegee or vacuum apparatus<\/span> is <strong>used to force a paste of non-conductive or conductive epoxy into the plated through-holes.<\/strong> Through-holes are plated with a specialized low-viscosity, high-thermogravimetric stability epoxy paste (conductive or non-conductive), which is mechanically forced into the plated holes. This is done through vacuum-assisted filling or through a sequential printing\/squeegee procedure.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed4594b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ed4594b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"706\" height=\"453\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/via-filling-process.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21436\" alt=\"via filling process\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/via-filling-process.jpg 706w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/via-filling-process-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/via-filling-process-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4381cff\" data-id=\"4381cff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cdf346 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9cdf346\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CpIYdUW3fosYOMxfa9ZcyNoFnHe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CpIYdUW3fosYOMxfa9ZcyNoFnHe\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn9rzmJbAQ7wdpXrYS29gBxf\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnKR3xRicoQKjnseW4sdLSM0\">The board is placed in an oven in order to<strong> completely harden and fix the epoxy substance within the vias.<\/strong> The boards are taken through a controlled thermal cycle in a conveyorized oven. This step hardens the epoxy resin and evaporates the solvents, hardening the material completely so that it is no longer a paste, but a solid plug.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-096bbfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"096bbfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/curing.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21440\" alt=\"curing\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/curing.png 652w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/curing-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/curing-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-89566a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"89566a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e2d4a57\" data-id=\"e2d4a57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d888db6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d888db6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 7: Planarization  <\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-992e3b4\" data-id=\"992e3b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa940b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fa940b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Step 8: Surface Plating<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-84372a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"84372a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b81615b\" data-id=\"b81615b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aef89d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aef89d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CI1mdtRZWoU2etxsuzCcuA7InAh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAlMJjSaLDjc0NZlEJENmch\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWiK2zvTg8COFJDl9J1mHue\"><strong>Any unnecessary cured epoxy that is on the surface would be smoothed down<\/strong> using mechanical grinding to give an altogether smooth finish. This is to be a surface which is parallel or nearly parallel to the copper substrate surrounding it, deviated less than 2 mils (0.05mm). This is a perfect planarity, which is obligatory for the effective placement of via-in-pad and fine-pitch parts.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d8a561 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1d8a561\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"748\" height=\"499\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/planarization-process.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21437\" alt=\"planarization-process\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/planarization-process.jpg 748w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/planarization-process-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/planarization-process-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a408122\" data-id=\"a408122\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48067be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48067be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-H0oCdIr4Doop3PxDvTicQ1SUndc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PZA2dXvPzoX0Ijxyx57coFXKn1M\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-H0oCdIr4Doop3PxDvTicQ1SUndc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4v7PiulcrsbqEadEmFjiNc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAlRRO3WmhBO4pXjGaGq6hg\">An electrolytic copper (usually 15-25 \u00b5m) is plated over the whole surface. This deposits a new copper layer that smoothly overcoats the planarized via and becomes part of the surface circuitry that will later be imaged and etched.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-687ec50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"687ec50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"753\" height=\"498\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/surface-plating.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21438\" alt=\"surface-plating\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/surface-plating.jpg 753w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/surface-plating-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/surface-plating-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 753px) 100vw, 753px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-47af8e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"47af8e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a801108\" data-id=\"a801108\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4f5f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1a4f5f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eedde2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eedde2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Key Design Considerations for Via Fill\n<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6237661 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6237661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"DukudHr24oxYodxfykKcspSwn5E\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6OKxd6ASfJdaesBuUIHbEh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Rw0dduNwdoRRrzxzmukccBFfnIc\">When designing using filling processes, it is crucial to consider a range of factors to ensure reliability, manufacturability and long-term performance. The following elements have a significant impact on the final outcome.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24a948b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24a948b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DukudHr24oxYodxfykKcspSwn5E\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnbWifJZPSpJh4CFRTzylI4r\"><strong>Optimize <\/strong><strong>Aspect Ratio<\/strong><strong> for Reliability <\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnhKgwPUxyzFl0JR29PfmXnh\">The quotient of the via depth and its diameter. <strong>A smaller aspect ratio <span style=\"color: #008000;\">(6:1 and below)<\/span> will be simpler to fill<\/strong> because a gap will not be noticeable.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn9IbRiiX3UpDEqEikOIjusb\">The ratio is 8:1, using a via drill diameter of 0.2mm, on a 1.6mm thick board, and that is a high-risk fill. Rather, a safer 5.3:1 ratio required is a 0.3mm drill. This is so that the epoxy material will flow all the way to the bottom, and there will be no voids that trap the chemicals, which will lead to reliability failure issues in the future.<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcntsn6o4WNehRFRRs8woIDjd\"><strong>Select the Proper Via Size for Easier Filling<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnr8O1AaosY4PWOfcTGb5kUd\">When using filled vias, <strong>do not use the common 0.1mm mechanical drills to fill a dense 0.8mm thick wearable.<\/strong> The small hole is difficult to wash and seal. Use <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">0.15mm laser-drilled vias<\/span><\/strong>; the amount of these vias is smaller overall, but it is simpler to fill them to the brim without leaving a surface dimple after being planarized.<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnVvX5q5BRGmKfowhZPEVuie\"><strong>Choose a Suitable Fill Material for Better Performance<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnrJqjiEnl3DrTydOxwK1kXg\">Select the fill material (conductive\/non-conductive) depending on electrical\/thermal requirements. In laying an IC that has thermal power via array, apply conductive epoxy paste to the thermal via array. This forms a continuous and solid plug, which forms a low-resistance conduit of heat transfer between components and down into the internal ground plane, which greatly enhances thermal conductivity and handling.<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnNQPxpTubZyakTkm16p5uyd\"><strong>Ensure a Flat Surface in Via-in-Pad Designs<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn1krFcwMXjU0h8BbZgiFEQe\">In the case of a BGA via-in-pad, <strong>the copper must be electroplated into the filled via<\/strong> to form an entirely smooth and flat surface. This is an important step in capping to ensure the solder paste does not wick into the via or fill up in a dimple during reflow and form a defective solder joint.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2111e52e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2111e52e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-668b01c0\" data-id=\"668b01c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d24bc64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d24bc64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3d8227 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3d8227\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Failure Analysis of Filled Vias<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b92abae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b92abae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"Sqtwdp27oof9MJxYZSacwYrGncg\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\" old-record-id-doxcnRem6aBMiCVJe5LfN9z3Jqg\">\n<div data-page-id=\"MMJ3dYqfMo488CxSgojc9hJ2nxR\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-QkgKdWyeIoCbUWxH6jhcq6B7nug\">\n<div data-page-id=\"SN2QdUsRfo9ptVxuu01cmMU6nCK\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnq6wzoYurWCgOMa70KnYEFh\">\n<div data-page-id=\"DukudHr24oxYodxfykKcspSwn5E\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6lrijm3XbpBvf9pUrBdFsc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnxM5Ud354N02jbot8hjmL7f\"><strong>Voids (<\/strong><strong>Air<\/strong><strong> Bubbles in Fill)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjQYCkmsvTI7eNOB5DPkbFd\">Voids are usually created when <strong>filling an insufficient or an overly high aspect ratio by trapping air.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnjQYCkmsvTI7eNOB5DPkbFd\">The remedy is to <span style=\"color: #008000;\">maximize the filling process through applying vacuum filling,<\/span> minimize the aspect ratio of the via in the design, and fill material with proper viscosity to guarantee full filling of the cavity.<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnzHG8zPmJYKlIbvROzUrRty\"><strong>Bad Surface Planarity<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwOGlcdJ5gQrteFjEFrCTBD\">This is because the <strong>epoxy surface that serves as the base of the filling process is not planarized<\/strong> or, in other words, is not grounded after the curing process.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwOGlcdJ5gQrteFjEFrCTBD\">To fix this, it is necessary to use a PCB fabricator who has very accurate planarization hardware and to strictly control the planarization process, in addition to clearly indicating the necessary flatness (i.e., the planarization) of the surface on the fabrication drawings.<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnm7f5zeaWkX8f6GvdCSNN4e\"><strong>Electrical Failure<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEQzxrWZF5YVUJXulZjHhWc\">This critical error can be manifested by the use of a non-conductive epoxy unintentionally in a via that should have been electrically continuous between layers.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEQzxrWZF5YVUJXulZjHhWc\">The answer is to<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> accurately communicate and precisely examine the design intent to each of the via with the fabricator,<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> clarifying any electrical and non-electrical fill.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b15e4b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b15e4b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Compliance and Quality: IPC Standards<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-393ff40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"393ff40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AQ1kdGsaYo5BgmxSj0YcJ7khnSc\">For via filling, commonly used <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/blog\/pcb-knowledge\/pcb-standard\/\">quality inspection standards<\/a> include IPC-4761, IPC-6012, IPC-TM-650, and others.<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MjF8dnvkNoIC83xS7FOc7JXOnod\">IPC-4761 categorizes filled (Type VI) vias and capped (Type VII) vias using the protection type.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MoW8dAUXroX6vsxsjwRcIWK7n7d\">Acceptance criteria, including maximum permissible void tolerance and necessary surface planarity, are established in IPC-6012 to ensure acceptable performance.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Q957dzAn8ogjcjxpMp0csX2UnRe\">The compliance is checked in compliance with the IPC-TM-650 tests in cross-sectional analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22189ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"22189ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cc99d99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cc99d99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-914f990\" data-id=\"914f990\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00fccbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"00fccbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5184bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5184bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-page-id=\"YlJndE6DXooMqMxqRRncHfQMnhd\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnlGmKJuR3BPCfs7gPdgfz6d\"><strong>Via filling<\/strong> is a PCB fabrication process that is intricate and essential, and plays a significant role in the resolution of the problem of high-density electronics. It also dramatically increases board reliability, allows miniaturization with via-in-pad layouts, and has higher thermal management. The key to success lies in the careful choice of materials, a tightly managed production process, and a careful design that prevents the usual traps such as voids or even planarity.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UoTPdQC5Ronwypx5eMJcZKC9nFh\">At <strong>ELEPCB<\/strong>, we<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong> combine advanced vacuum via filling technology with strict adherence to IPC standards to deliver flawless results.<\/strong><\/span> If you are looking for a reliable partner to maximize the advantages of via filling and ensure long-term PCB performance, <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\">contact our experts today<\/a> to discuss your project.<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-688ba04c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"688ba04c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c2fc7ea\" data-id=\"3c2fc7ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2180da8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2180da8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>FAQ<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f9f4f7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"6f9f4f7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q1: What are the optical clues to a botched via fill-in assembly?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<p>A1: Aesthetic symptoms are such things as solder balls around the via following reflow, visible dimples or holes in the via cap, or an indented look on the solder pad. These are signs of outgassing of the fill.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q2: How do via fill problems lead to failure in BGA assembly?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BWQ0dJKPTovPhYx6XTfc9xMAngc\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ZGjidQpZuouEMuxnruBcR4Ujndg\">A2: BGA pads may contain unfilled vias that lead to solder wicking, which causes an unreliable or broken connection. Filled vias may not be well-planned such that a ball does not come in proper contact; this is known as a head-in-pillow defect.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Q3: Are there any designs of PCBs that are more prone to via fill problems?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\"><div data-page-id=\"K5cQdPyqAoIVz9xiCVzcrjK4n2e\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\" old-record-id-VIvSds1JnokGWWxGglucirLXn4O\">\n<div data-page-id=\"PzvadCyLxoGC6axfsi0cBB2BnWf\" data-lark-html-role=\"root\" data-docx-has-block-data=\"false\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XizidTe9soWkg0xX1N9cjCycnJd\">A3: Designs with aspect ratio vias, very large vias, or high densities of vias in a small area exacerbate this difficulty into a complete, void-free fill and pose a greater risk of planarity problems.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72b68d12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72b68d12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46a34694\" data-id=\"46a34694\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f5dff4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7f5dff4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-651c3920 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"651c3920\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"2056\" class=\"elementor elementor-2056\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6012901 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6012901\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column 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https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8968fc1\" data-id=\"8968fc1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c3b5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c0c3b5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15819\" alt=\"contact us\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/contact-us-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" 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srcset=\"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/white-bg-1-scaled.jpg 1921w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3dd32bd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3dd32bd7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container 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production, increasing speed to market by 20%.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Contact us below to start discussing your project with our Technical Experts today.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Whether you already have Gerber Files, submit a\u00a0Quick Quote\u00a0for free estimate.<\/p><\/div><\/form><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5782c747 elementor-button-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-form\" data-id=\"5782c747\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;step_next_label&quot;:&quot;Next&quot;,&quot;step_previous_label&quot;:&quot;Previous&quot;,&quot;button_width&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;step_type&quot;:&quot;number_text&quot;,&quot;step_icon_shape&quot;:&quot;circle&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"form.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form class=\"elementor-form\" method=\"post\" name=\"New Form\" aria-label=\"New Form\">\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"post_id\" value=\"2056\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"form_id\" value=\"5782c747\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"referer_title\" value=\"An Ultimate Guide to PCB Inspection Methods-ELE PCB\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"queried_id\" value=\"4187\"\/>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-form-fields-wrapper elementor-labels-above\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-text elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-name elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYour Name\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"text\" name=\"form_fields[name]\" id=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-email elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-message elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEmail Address\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"email\" name=\"form_fields[message]\" id=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-tel elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_373bda7 elementor-col-50\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhone Number\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"tel\" name=\"form_fields[field_373bda7]\" id=\"form-field-field_373bda7\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" pattern=\"[0-9()#&amp;+*-=.]+\" title=\"Csak a sz\u00e1mok \u00e9s telefonkarakterek (#, -, * stb.) fogadhat\u00f3k el.\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-checkbox elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_c168eb1 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI am interested in (select all that apply)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-subgroup  elementor-subgroup-inline\"><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-0\">Rigid PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-1\">Flexible Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible Aluminum PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-2\">Flexible Aluminum PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Flexible PCB Microcircuits\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-3\">Flexible PCB Microcircuits<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-4\">Ultra-Thin Flexible PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Rigid-Flex\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-5\">Rigid-Flex<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-6\">Ceramic Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-7\">Aluminum Printed Circuit Boards<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Copper Core\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-8\">Copper Core<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"IC Substrates &amp; Interposer\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-9\">IC Substrates & Interposer<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"High TG PCBs\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-10\">High TG PCBs<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Heavy Copper\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-11\">Heavy Copper<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"PCB Assembly\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-12\">PCB Assembly<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Components Sourcing\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-13\">Components Sourcing<\/label><\/span><span class=\"elementor-field-option\"><input type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Other\" id=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\" name=\"form_fields[field_c168eb1][]\"> <label for=\"form-field-field_c168eb1-14\">Other<\/label><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-upload elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_2cea676 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUpload Your Files (Optional)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"file\" name=\"form_fields[field_2cea676]\" id=\"form-field-field_2cea676\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-upload-field\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_9ceb2c8 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMessage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field  elementor-size-sm\" name=\"form_fields[field_9ceb2c8]\" id=\"form-field-field_9ceb2c8\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Submit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-123957a9\" data-id=\"123957a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents In PCB manufacturing, vias connect different layers of a circuit board. As electronic devices become more compact and complex, drilling and plating vias alone are no longer enough for stable performance. This is where via filling becomes essential, as it improves both the electrical reliability and the mechanical strength of the PCB. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":21430,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1],"tags":[134,129],"class_list":["post-21428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-pcb-knowledge","tag-pcb-design","tag-pcb-manufacturing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21428","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21428"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21428\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21446,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21428\/revisions\/21446"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21428"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21428"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elepcb.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}